Fundamental Physics/Electricity/Electric charge

Definition

Electric charge is refered to matter that carries electricity . In natural state, all matter is neutral in charge . When matter gives or receives electron (negatively charged particle) , matter becomes electric charge . Static Electricity the process matter acquires charged particle (electron) to become electric charge . Matter receives electron will become negative electric charge . Matter gives electron will become positive electric charge

Matter + e^- -- > Negative charge (-)

Matter - e^- -- > Positive charge (+)

Electric charge Characteristics

All electric charge pocess the following characteristics

,

Charge quantity indicates the quantity of charge carries . Electric charge has a symbol Q measured in Coulomb unit C . Positive electric charge has symbol +Q carries +1C . Negative electric charge has symbol +Q carries +1C .

Electric field . All charges process electric field lines point inward or outward surround charge . For negative charge, the electric field lines point inward . For positive charge, the electric field lines point outward.

Negative Charge . ->E<- . Positive Charge . <- E ->

Magnetic field All charge process circular magnetic field lines point inward or outward surround charge . For negative charge, the electric field lines point inward . For positive charge, the electric field lines point outward.

Negative Charge . B ↓ . Positive Charge . B ↑

Electric charge interaction

Coulomb's Law

Coulomb discovered that charges of the same polaities will repulse . Charges of different polarities will attract . Negative charge will attract positive charge . The force of attraction is called Electrostatic force or Coulomb force . Electrostatic force has a symbol F_Q measured in unit Newton N. Electrostatic force or Coulomb force is used in calculating the force of negative charge attracts positive charge

F_{Q}={\frac {|Q_{+}||Q_{-}|}{r^{2}}}

Ampere's Law

Ampere discovered that, electricity exerts a force to force electric charge to move in a linear path will create a field of electric lines called Electric field . This force is called Electrodynamic force or Ampere force which has a symbol F_E measured in unit Newton N

F_{E}=QE

Lorentz's Law

Lorentz discovered that when electric charge travels through a magnet, magnet exerts a force to deflect electric charge . The force of magnet to force electric charge to move perpendiculat to its inital path of travel is called Electromagnetomotive force or Loerntz force

F_{B}=\pm QvB

The sum of two fores Electrodynamic force and Electromagnetomotive force create Electromagnetic force

F_{EB}=F_{E}+F_{B}=QE\pm QvB=Q(E\pm vB)

Summary

Electrostatic force or Coulomb force is used in calculating the force of negative charge to attract positive charge

F_{Q}={\frac {|Q_{+}||Q_{-}|}{r^{2}}}

Electrodynamic force or Ampere force is used in calculating the force of electricity to make electric charge to move in a straight line path

F_{E}=QE

Electromagnetomotive force or Lorentz force is used in calculating the force of magnet to make electric charge to move in a straight line perpendicular to the original path

F_{B}=\pm QvB

Electromagnetic force is the sum of the 2 electrodynamic and electromagnetomotive force

F_{EB}=F_{E}+F_{B}=QE\pm QvB=Q(E\pm vB)

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