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The theme of this lesson is family. The relevant vocabulary and the affixes that are useful to refer to family relationships will be covered.
Theme vocabulary
| Noun | Audio | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| familio | family | |
| parenco | relative | |
| patro | father | |
| filo | son | |
| avo | grandfather | |
| nepo | grandson | |
| onklo | uncle | |
| nevo | (male) nephew | |
| kuzo | (male) cousin | |
| fianĉo | fiancé | |
| edzo 1 | husband | |
| orfo | orphan | |
| vidvo | widower |
- Note on pronunciation: edzo is pronounced "e-dzo" not "ed-zo", so with the "dz" in the same syllable.
Affixes
There are a number of prefixes that are used to refer to family relationships, bo-, ge-, pra-, vic-, and eks-.
bo-
The prefix "bo-" indicates a relationship by marriage, i.e. in-laws.
| Examples | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Derived word | Meaning | Audio | ||
| bopatro | father-in-law | |||
| boonklino | aunt-in-law | |||
| bonepo | grandson-in-law | |||
ge-
The prefix "ge-" indicates both sexes together. It was originally used only in the plural, but is nowadays also used to indicate sex-neutral words where base words refer to males.
| Examples | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Derived word | Meaning | Audio | ||
| gepatroj | parents | |||
| gefratoj | siblings | |||
| bogeavoj | grandparents-in-law | |||
| gepatro | parent | |||
| geonklo | uncle or aunt | |||
| genepoj | grandchildren | |||
pra-
The prefix "pra-" indicates a more distant relationship than the base word.
| Examples | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Derived word | Meaning | Audio | ||
| praavo | great-grandfather | |||
| bopragenepo | great-grandson-in-law | |||
| praonklino | great-aunt | |||
| praa | primordial | |||
vic-
The prefix "vic-" indicates family members were born from a previous partner.
| Examples | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Derived word | Meaning | Audio | ||
| vicfilino | stepdaughter | |||
| vicavo | stepgrandfather | |||
| vicbogefratoj | stepsiblings-in-law | |||
eks-
The prefix "eks-" indicates a former relationship or former quality, like the English ex-.
| Examples | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Derived word | Meaning | Audio | ||
| eksbopatro | ex-father-in-law | |||
| eksboonklino | ex-aunt-in-law | |||
| eksprezidento | ex-president | |||
Vocabulary
| Word | Audio | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
Exercises
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