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THE SOUVENIR OF WESTERN WOMEN bears upon its pages a complex picture of the works and pioneer experiences of the women in the Pacific Northwest—the "Old Oregon" country—from the time of woman's first appearance in these unexplored wilds to the present day.

The purpose of this book is to record woman's part in working out the plan of our Western civilization; no other civilization, perhaps, bearing so conspicuously the imprint of her hand and her brain. In coming to this country through all the perils, privations, and hardships of the longest journey ever made by a migratory people in search of homes, she marched side by side with man. Upon arriving here she could acquire equally with him a part of the public domain (the first instance of the kind on record).

In patience, courage, and endurance, woman proved man's equal. In her ability to cope with strenuous conditions, she was again his recognized peer. The powers thus engendered within her must perforce have left an indelible impression on the body politic. Their dominance is apparent in our colleges and universities, all of which are builded upon co-education as a corner-stone, and all of which also accept women as co-members of the faculty.

From the beginning of statehood in all the states carved out of the "Old Oregon" country, women have been admitted to the practice of the professions on an equality with men. In the legislative halls woman's voice has been heard, and some of our most salutary laws owe their origin to her thought.

In property rights woman enjoys far greater privileges here than in the older portions of our country. These Northwestern States are among the few in the nation that make the mother a legal custodian of her children, and entrust her with the property of minor heirs. From a national point of view greater yet is the outcome of woman's presence here. To the pioneer woman — without whom permanent settlement could not have been made—the nation owes the very possession of this great Western territory.

Captain Gray made the discovery of the Columbia River (1792), and this discovery laid claim to the vast tract drained by it and its tributaries. Lewis and Clark, led by the "Birdwoman," marked the way to it across the continent (1805). The good missionaries brought to its wild native peoples, thirty years later, the "White Man's Book of Heaven," the forerunner of civilization; but the combined effort of all these could not have held this country for the United States had it not been for the pioneer American women, who. ​braving all dangers and hardships, came with man to build homes and establish permanent settlements.

Let our debt of gratitude be now acknowledged and duly recorded, that those who come after us may know and value the deeds of the women who first trod these plains and valleys wherein we dwell. These pioneer women we herein represent, and transcribe upon the pages of history the story of their lives. Numbered among the writers of these chronicles is the second white child born in this unexplored land, Mrs. Eliza Spalding Warren, daughter of Rev. and Mrs. H. H. Spalding, missionaries of 1836. Among them, also are some of the pioneers of '43, '44 and '45, whose hands rocked the cradle of liberty in these Western wilds when the triple states carved out of the "Old Oregon" country were yet in embryo. Voices from the past, they enchant us with their fairy-like lore and heroic deeds.

That many, far as well as near, may share the charm of the last recitals of these old pioneers and catch the inspiration of their unflinching courage. The Souvenir would bear their messages through the land.

Portland, Oregon, May 1, 1905. ​

A Few Recollections of a Busy Life—By Abigail Scott Duniway ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

9

Crater Lake—By Will G. Steel ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

13

A Legend of Crater Lake ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

13

Narcissa Prentiss Whitman—By Catherine Sager Pringle ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

17

Mrs. Whitman's Diary ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

19

The Lewis and Clark Exposition—By Jefferson Myers ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

23

The Oregon Grape—By Eunice W. Luckey ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

24

Roman Catholic Women of the Northwest—Contributed ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

25

Reminiscences of a Trip Across the Plains—By Mrs. Burnett ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

27

A Brave Life and a Useful One ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

28

Wannetta (a story)—By Julia C. La Barre ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

29

Moriah Maldon Crain ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

34

Susan B. Anthony's Visits to Oregon—By Abigail Scott Duniway ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

36

Life of Mrs. W. H. Gray ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

38

Pioneer Women of Methodism in the Northwest—By Mabel Haseltine ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

41

Abigail Scott Duniway, Mother and Home Builder ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

43

Charlotte Moffett Cartwright ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

44

Sketch from Life of a Pioneer Minister—By Rev. J. A. Hanna ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

47

Eliza Spalding Warren ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

49

A Pioneer Country Physician—By Dr. Rovia E. Alexander ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

51

St. Mary's Academy, Jacksonville, Or ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

53

Babies of the Pioneers (Poem)—By Eunice W. Luckey ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

54

Some Early Oregon Schools—By Marianne Hunsaker D'Arcy ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

55

Life Sketch of Mrs. Mary A. Denny ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

59

The Dawn of the Sea Wind (a story)—By Miriam Van Waters ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

61

St. Mary's Academy and College ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

65

Ezra and Lucy Taft Fisher—By Sarah Fisher Henderson ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

66

Dame Nature's Monument ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

69

The Two Islands ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

69

Sealth and Angeline—By Miss E. I. Denny ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

70

The Allen Preparatory School ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

71

Pioneering in Legislative Halls ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

72

Home Life of Eva Emery Dye ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

74

In the Very Early Days of Oregon ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

75

St. Helen's Hall ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

76

Bishop B. Wistar Morris—Mrs. Belle J. Sellwood ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

77

Oregon Conservatory of Music ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

78

Woman's Work Among the Friends or Quakers—By Mrs. E. A. T. White ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

79

Mrs. Emiline Himes—By George H. Himes ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

81

Julia (West) Lindsley—By Meldon ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

83

Washington Women's Clubs—Mrs. Jenette S. Moore ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

84

Behnke-Walker Business College ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

85

St. Peter's Church and Its Ivy-Clad Tower—By Elizabeth McCarver Harris ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

80

My Mother's Flower Garden—By Charlotte Matheny Kirkwood ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

88

Nomenclature of Northwest Mountains—''By George H. Himes ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

89

A Grandmother's Story of Early Days in Washington—Author unknown ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

91

Hill Military Academy, Portland, Oregon ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

94

Early Portland Schools—By Alice P. Cornwall ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

95

Woman Workers of the Episcopal Church—By Louisa A. Nash ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

99

Helen F. Spalding—By Mrs. Catherine A. Coburn ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

103

Woman Suffrage in Washington Territory—By John Miller Murphy ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

104

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Academy of The Holy Names, Seattle, Wash ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

108

Baptist Women in the Pacific Northwest—By Ellen Scott Latourette ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

109

Scenic Attractions of the 1905 Exposition—By William Bittle Wells ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

113

Raising the Flag Over a Northwest Schoolhouse—By Dr. N. J. A. Simons ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

115

Woman Suffrage in Idaho—By William Balderston ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

117

The Ladies' Relief Society ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

119

Illustrative Shorthand ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

120

Women's Club Work in Idaho ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

121

Scenes About the Home of My Childhood—By Mary Osborn Douthit ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

123

Frances Fuller Victor—By Edna Isabel Protzman ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

125

Seattle Seminary ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

127

The Oregon Women's Flax Industry—By Mrs. W. P. Lord, Salem, Or ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

128

Pine Needle Industry—By Mrs. W. P. Lord ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

131

St. Teresa's Academy, Boise, Idaho ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

132

Pioneer Days of Mrs. Matilda Frost ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

133

The Mercer Girls—By C. B. Bagley, Seattle, Wash ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

135

The Portland Woman's Union—By Elizabeth Story Hamilton ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

137

The College Girl (Poem)—By Eva Emery Dye ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

139

In Memory of Narcissa White Kinney—By Mrs. Henrietta Brown ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

140

Addison Crandall Gibbs, Oregon's War Governor—By Mrs. A. C. Gibbs ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

142

Ontario Then and Now—By Miss Mary Locey ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

143

Grant County, the Place for Homeseekers ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

145

Portland Academy ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

147

Gillespie School of Expression ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

148

Women in Medicine—By Annice Jeffreys Myers, M. D. ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

149

Work of Unitarian Women in the Northwest—By Kate Stevens Bingham ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

153

The Baby Home—By Mrs. Charles E. Sitton ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

157

The Woman's Christian Temperance Union—By Lucia H. Faxon Additon ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

159

The Woman's Emergency Corps—By Mrs. Henry E. Jones ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

161

What Christianity Has Done for the Indian Woman—By Miss Helen Clair ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

163

Woman's Clubs in Oregon—By Jennie C. Pritchard ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

165

Council of Jewish Women—By Mrs. Blanche Blumauer ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

167

A Scrap From an Old Diary—By Mrs. E. M. Wilson ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

168

The Woman on the Farm—By Mrs. Clara Humason Waldo ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

169

The Woman's Relief Corps—By Mrs. Julia A. Kemp Lawton ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

172

Mrs. Catherine A. Coburn—By Miss Helen F. Spalding ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

173

The Homeward March of the Old Pioneers (Poem)—By June McMillen Ordway ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

174

James Harrison and Lueza Osborn Douthit ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

175

Judge Pratt in Bedticking ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

179

Domestic Science—By Mrs. Mary E. Young ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

181

Roads and Railways—Early History—By J. Gaston ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

183

Mineral Springs, Nature's Health Reservoirs—By Wallis Nash ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

186

The Visiting Nurse Association—By Mrs. B. H. Trumbull ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

187

The Newill Riverview Academy ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

188

Sacajawea, the Birdwoman ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

189

The Spirit of the Pioneer Mother—By George H. Himes ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

191

Women on Public Boards—By Mae H. Cardwell, M. D. ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

192

Home Life of Chinese Women in the West—By Mrs. W. S. Holt ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

193

The Young Women's Christian Association—By Mrs. Jessie M. Honeyman ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

194

Kindergarten in the Northwest ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

195

Art in the Northwest—Extracts from Fine Arts Journal ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

196

Life in a Mining Camp—By Mrs. J. L. Goodyear ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

197

Some Things About the Pacific Monthly ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

199

Honor Where Honor Is Due ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

200

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Crater Lake ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Frontispiece

Abigail Scott Duniway ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

9

Indian Woman of the Umatilla Tribe ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

16

Forestry Building—Lewis and Clark Exposition ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

22

Jefferson Myers ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

23

Esplanade and Terraces—Northern Approach to Exhibit Palaces of Lewis and Clark Fair ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

24

Indians of the Plains ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

26

Portland-on-the-Willamette—A seaport 110 miles inland ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

33

Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Gray (half-tone) ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

39

Taylor-Street M. E. Church ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

41

Mrs. C. M. Cartwright and Grandson ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

44

First House in Portland ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

45

Eev. J. A. Hanna (photographed at eighty) ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

46

Dr. W. F. Alexander (photographed at eighty) ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

50

The Natatorium, Boise, Idaho ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

58

Specimen Lumber Tree of the Oregon-Washington Forests ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

60

St. Mary's Academy and College ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

65

Dame Nature's Monument ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

68

Home of Eva Emery Dye ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

74

St. Helen's Hall ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

76

Bishop B. Wistar Morris (half-tone) ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

77

Miss Mary B. Rodney (half-tone) ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

77

Block Houses and Pioneer Printing Office at Lapwai ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

80

St. Peter's Church, Tacoma ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

86

The Three Sisters—View of North and Middle Peaks ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

87

Mount Rainier (in colors) ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

89

Hill Military Academy, Portland, Or ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

94

Portland High School ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

97

Trinity Episcopal Church, Portland, Or ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

98

Miss Helen F. Spalding (half-tone) ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

103

Academy of the Holy Names, Seattle, Wash ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

108

First Baptist Church (the White Temple) ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

109

First Baptist Church West of the Rocky Mountains ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

110

Mount Hood ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Front Cover and 112

Mount Adams ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

113

Roberts Brothers' Department Store ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

116

Shoshone Falls of Snake River—60 Feet Higher than Niagara ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

122

Frances Fuller Victor (half-tone) ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

125

Yakutat Indian Basketry ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

126

Seattle Seminary ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

127

Midwinter Scene in Southern Oregon ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

130

St. Teresa's Academy, Boise, Idaho ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

132

Eva Emery Dye (half-tone) ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

138

Narcissa White Kinney (half-tone) ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

140

Sheep-Shearing—Ranch of James Small (photographed by Herman Putzien) ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

145

Hydraulic Mining—Pipeman and a Giant Stream ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

146

Mrs. Emma Wilson Gillespie ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

148

The North Pacific Sanatorium ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

152

Rev. T. L. Eliot (half-tone) ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

154

First Unitarian Church ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

155

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The Baby Home ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

158

Song of the Klootchman ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

163

The Pillars of Hercules ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

171

Mrs. Catherine A. Coburn (half-tone) ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

173

James Harrison and Lueza Osborn Douthit ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

175

James Harrison Douthit (from daguerreotype ) ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

176

The Washington. Seattle, Wash. ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

180

The Crystal Springs Sanitarium ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

182

The Newill Riverview Academy ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

188

Chinese Mother and Children. Portland, Or. ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

193

Sacajawea Monument ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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