​ (ăb-er-dēn′), the principal city of northern Scotland, receives its name from two Gaelic words meaning "at the mouth of the Dee," where it is situated, about 100 miles northeast of Edinburgh. Its charter dates from 1179. It was burned by the English in 1336, and after its restoration called New Aberdeen. It has large factories of cotton, woolen and linen fabrics, exports granite extensively, and is engaged in whale fisheries and in shipbuilding. It is the seat of the University of Aberdeen. Population (1911) 163,084.