FISHER, Irving, American political economist: b. Saugerties, N. Y., 27 Feb. 1867. He was educated at Yale (A.B., 1888; Ph.D., 1891), where he remained as member of the faculty, becoming professor of political economy in 1898. He spent 1893-94 in study at Berlin and Paris. From 1896 to 1910 he edited the Yale Review. He was a member of Roosevelt's National Conservation Commission. He is president of the American Association for Labor Legislation and Fellow, of the American Statistical Association. He is a member of the American Economic Association and many other societies. He has published ‘Mathematical Investigations in the Theory of Value and Prices’ (1892; trans. French, 1916); ‘Elements of Geometry,’ with Prof. A. W. Phillips (1896, trans. into Japanese 1900); ‘Bibliography of Mathematical Economics’ in (and assisted in translating and editing) Cournot's ‘Mathematical Theory of Wealth’ (1897); ‘A Brief Introduction to the Infinitesimal Calculus’ (1897, trans. into German 1904, Italian 1909); ‘The Nature of Capital and Income’ (1906, trans. into French 1911, Japanese 1913); ‘The Rate of Interest’ (1907, Japanese condensation with ‘Nature of Capital and Income,’ 1912); ‘National Vitality’ (1909); ‘The Purchasing Power of Money’ (1911, trans. into German and French 1916); ‘Elementary Principles of Economics’ (1912); ‘Why is the Dollar Shrinking?’ (1914); ‘How to Live,’ joint author with Dr. E. L. Fisk (1915); also numerous articles, monographs, etc.