INDEX

675 Roofs, basilican, 146; Romanesque, 420; at Pisa, 421; Rhenish, 422; Norman, 423; English, 431; and see Vaulting Roosebek, battle of, 524 Ros, 224 Rose, see Romance of Rose window, 428-30 Roses, see Wars of the Rosetta, 608 Rothenburg on the Tauber, 340 Rouen, 219, 340, 364, 524, 529; cathe- dral of, 432 Rouergue, 510 Roumania, 39, 151, 229, 554, 556 Round Table, of King Arthur, 406 Rousseau, 96 Roussillon, 273, 634 Royal courts, 268, 277, 296-97, 336, 476, 497, 523 Royal domain, 193, 267, 275, 288, 477, 493-94, 497, 508, 625, 627 Royal grants of land, 240, 256, 267, 276, 303 Royal writs, 476 Roye, 366 Rudder, invention of, 345, 487 Rudolf of Hapsburg, Holy Roman Emperor, 537-38, 541-42 Rugen, Island of, 305 Ruins, 2-4, 32-33, 36, 135, 246, 249, 261, 416, 557, 599 Rules, monastic, 96, 110-11, 160-62, 166, 168, 171 Runes, 44 Rupert, imperial claimant, 439 Rural communes, 362-63, 541 Rural deans, 438 Rurik, Grand Prince of Russia, 224 Russ, see R5s Russia, 11-12, 14, 40, 58, 139-40, 183- 84, 223-26, 229-31, 233, 308, 369, 393, 543-44, 548-49, 551-52, 568, 608 Rustication, 600 Saale River, 398 Sabbath, Jewish, 99; Christian, 160 Sacraments, of Oriental cults, 63-64; Christian, 101, 439-42, 452, 454, 562, 564, 572 Sacrosancta, 572 Safe conduct, 569, 625 Sagas, 42, 216-17, 230, 401, 415 Sages, Sixteen, of Venice, 581 Sahara Desert, 328 Saints, veneration of, 158; patron, 335; statues of, 337; of Italian cities, 371; days, 392; in Gothic art, 426-29; of Joan of Arc, 528; Louis XI and, 624 St. Gall, 167, 542, 589 St. George, of Donatello, 604 St. Gotthard Pass, 542 St. James, shrine of, see Compostella St. Mark, church of, 148, 343, 599 St. Martin, church of, 164 St. Ouen, church of, 432 St. Paul, church of, 226 St. Peter, church of, 200, 208, 226-27, 455-56, 462, 600-01 St. Pol, Count of, 625-26 St. Quentin, 360 St. Sebaldus Kirche, 539 St. Sophia, church of, 134, 143-46, 195, 558, 601 St. Truth, 517 Saintonge, 494, 508, 510 Saladin, 321, 469 Salerno, 291, 377 Salian Franks, 88-90, 119, 213 Salic law, 122-23, 127, 211 Saloniki, 77, 229, 314, 557 Salvian, 93-94, 238 Salzburg, 167 Samaria, 99 Samarkand, 185, 551, 557 Samnites, 53 San Gemignano, 340 San Salvador, 610 San Vitale, church of, 147, 212 Sanitation in medieval towns, 337-38 Sanskrit, 10 Sant' Angelo, castle of, 291 Sant' Apollinare in Classe, church of, 146 Sant' Apollinare Nuovo, church of, 146 Sa6ne River, 88 Sappho, 21 Saracens, 172, 189, 192, 216, 226-27, 232, 265, 301-02, 308, 312-13, 316, 318, 342, 383, 402, 467; and see Mo- hammedans, Moslems, Paynims Saragossa, 189 Sardika, Council of, 107 Sardinia, 83, 118, 135-36, 155, 313, 342, 464, 470 Sarmatians, 53~54, 5 8 Sarto, Andrea del, 598 Satire, medieval, 392, 404, 408-09, 516-17 Satires, of Juvenal, 39 Saumur, 274 Savages, 5, 13-14 Savonarola, 607, 634-36, 640 Savoy, 88, 271, 435, 482, 620, 624, 026 Saxons, in England, 85, 118, 164, 166- 67, 202; on the Continent, 122, 194, 198-204, 206, 212-14, 289, 323, 375, 435, 552 ; and see Anglo-Saxons Saxony, Duchy of, 227, 262, 305, 349, 533, 540, 616