674

INDEX Rhodes, 150, 177, 559 Rhone River, 12, 17, 82, 88, 90, 179, 213, 216, 261, 271-72, 367, 506, 519, 538 Rhyme, 403-04 Rialto, 342 Richard I, or Cceur de Lion, King of England, 321-22, 437, 457"58, 462, 475, 479, 493 Richard II, 511, 523-25, 565 Richard III, 628 Richard, brother of Pope Innocent III, 463-64 Richard of Cornwall, brother of Henry III of England, 496, 537 Richmond, Earl of, see Henry VII of England Ricimer, 86 Riga, 544 Right of spoil, 463 Rigord, 493 Rimini, 353, 580 Ripuarian Franks, 88-90, 119, 121, 213 Ritual, of Oriental cults in Roman Empire, 63-64; early Christian, 101; simplicity of Mohammedan, 175 Rivers, of Europe, 11-12; as trade- routes, 329 Roads, Roman, 32, 366; medieval, 348 Robber barons and knights, 249, 302, 329,408,437,442,534 Robber Council, see Ephesus Robbia, Luca della, 603 Robert the Strong, Count of Paris, 219 Robert I, King of France, 270 Robert of Flanders, 270 Robert the Devil, Duke of Normandy, 275 Robert, son of William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, 480 Robert Guiscard, ruler of Sicily and southern Italy, 289, 291, 302, 310, „ 312, 377, 384 Robert, Count of Artois, brother of Louis IX, 497 Robert of Geneva, see Pope Clement Robert, King of Naples, 588 Rochelle, La, battle of, 522 Roderick, King of the West Goths, 179 Roger Bacon, see Bacon Roger Guiscard, 312 Roger II, King of Sicily, 383-84 Koand,402, 593; and see Song of Kollo, Duke of Normandy, 219, 275 Romagna, 461, 464, 637 Roman Catholic, 6, 16, 115, 120, 135, 193, 282, 386, 411, 452, 454, 550, 556, 566, 569, 571, 639; and see Church, Papacy Romance, 3, 311 Romance languages, 251, 399, 401- 02, 407, 409, 418 Romance peoples, 225 Romance of the Rose, 408, 411, 415 Romances, Arabian, 182; medieval, 198, 211, 251, 321, 402-03, 406-08, 410,415, 515; Italian, 593 Roman de Rou, 219 Roman Empire, civilization, 13, chap, ii; compared with early German civilization, 40-50, 62; decline of, 15, 54, chap, iv, 85-86, 90, 109, 113; barbarians and, 23, 40, 53-55, 61, chaps, v, vii; and Christianity, 64, 95, 100, 102-08; influence upon and comparison with the Middle Ages, 114-15, 117, 131, 139, 164, 181, 190, 198-99, 205, 209, 212, 233-34, 238, 249, 257, 282, 285, 291, 293, 301, 327-29, 348, 368, 387, 393, 397-99, 416, 418-19, 435, 474, 477, 493, 554, 577, 590, 616, 621 Romanesque architecture, 147, 418- 25, 431, 433, 586, 599 Romanic, see Romanesque Roman law, 27, 30-31, 39, 48, 50, 70, 86, 115; in early Middle Ages, 122- 23, 240, 272, 294; revival of, 351, 377, 381, 390, 393, 475-76, 49i, 586-87, 589 Roman numerals, 183, 386 Romantic epic, see Romances Romantic love, 403 Romantic movement in literature, 424 Rome, Bishop of, see Papacy Rome, Church of, see Church Rome, city of, early history, 4, 26-28, 52, 54, 81, 97, 115; imperial, 2, 29, 34-36, 54, 69; sacked by Alaric, 80- 81, 95-97, 1 12-13, ii5, 291; sacked by the Vandals, 83, 85, 291; medie- val, 126, 133, 135, 149, 154-56, 160, 172, 196, 200, 207-09, 212-13, 226, 260, 265, 280, 285-86, 289-90; sacked by the Normans, 291, 300; 295, 302, 322; commune, 350; 355; romances of, 406-07; churches of, 421; under Innocent III, 435, 445, 450, 452, 455, 462-64; in the later Middle Ages, 467, 503-06, 518, 541, 54.8, 560-61, 565-66; during the Renais- sance, 588, 597, 599-600, 603, 607, 635 Romulus, Roman Emperor, 86 Roncaglia, Diet of, 351, 354, 377 Roncesvalles, 402