INDEX

67S Protestantism, 5-6, 15, 299, 443, 544, 563, 573-74, 639 Prouille, 450 Provencal language and literature, 272-73, 399, 404-05, 410-n Provence, 90, 118, 136, 213, 261, 271, 303, 357, 442, 467, 482, 496-97, 586, 626-27, 634 Provinces, Roman, 29, 39, 61, 68, chap, v; medieval survivals of, 114, 121, 474; French, 502, 521 Provincial estates, see Estates Provins, 364 Provisions or Provisors, papal, 471; Statute of, 518, 562 Provisions of Oxford, 482 Prussia, 260, 323, 537, 540, 544, 546; and see East, and West Psalmist, quoted, 429 Psalter, 210 Psellus, 148, 309 P seudo-I sidorian Decretals, 280 Psychology, of the past, 6; early Ger- mans, 44-45; early medieval, 159; monastic, 162; Oriental, 172; North- men, 216-17; troubadours, 404-05, of thirteenth and sixteenth centu- ries, 639 Ptolemy, 23, 413, 589 Ptolemies, 28 Public debt, 343, 583 Pulci, 593 Purgatory, 412-13, 440-41, 564 Purple, 20, 34, 229 Pyrenees, 17, 43, 79, 90, 179, 200, 266- 67, 272-73, 278, 303-04, 367, 632, 634, 638 Pythagoras, 21 Quadi, 53, 79 Querci, 510 Questions about Nature, 383 Quinisext or Trullan Council, 195 Race, 9-1 1, 53; in southern Italy, 196; and feudal states, 232, 258-60, 348; 570, 611; and see Invasions Ramon (Raymond) Berengar IV, Count of Barcelona and Provence, 303 Ransom, feudal, 243, 250, 322, 517 Raoul Glaber, 375-76 Raphael of Urbino, 605-07 Raspe, Heinrich, 470 Ravenna, 80, 82-83, 87, 121; Arch- bishop of, 157, 290; churches of, 126, 129, 146-47, 212, 420-21 ; Exarchate of, 136, 155-57, I7i, 195-96, 462 Raymond Berengar, see Ramon Raymond Berengar V, Count of Pro- vence, 496 Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, 314, 318 Raymond VI, 444-45 Raymond VII, 445-46, 497 Reading, historical, 7-9, and close of every chapter Realism, 379-80, 426, 432, 601-05 Red Sea, 172, 318-19, 322, 551, 608- 09 Reform movements in the Church, 282-85, 289, 291-92, 298, 300, 435- 36, 452, 546, 563-65, 567-70, 572- 74, 607, 631, 634-36 Reformation, 593, 595, 639 Regalia, 351, 353 Reginald, sub-prior of Canterbury, 458 Reichenau, 376 Reichstag, of Denmark, 488; of Ger- many, see Diet Relics of saints and martyrs, 158-59, 195, 197, 226, 274, 297-98, 441, 478 Relief, feudal, 241, 243, 257, 480 Religion, history of, 4-5; nature and, 12; of city-state, 25; Roman, 29- 30, 97, 115; early German, 45, 48, 400-01; change in Roman Empire, 61-65, 74» 99; of German kingdoms in West, 120; of early Arabia, 172; and civilization, 65, 164, 313, 324, 530, 605; and see Christianity, Church, Clergy, Crusades, Heresy, Mohammedanism, Monasteries, Pa- ganism, Wars of, etc. Renaissance, see Italian, "Carolin- gian" . Rene, King, of Anjou or Provence, 586, 626, 634 Representation, 26, 479-86, 488-90, 494, 572, 615 Republics, Italian, 578-80, 584-85, 590 Retainers, 627 Rethel, County of, 525, 616 Revelation, Book of, 103 Revenue, see Taxation Reynard the Fox, Romance of, 407-08, 415 Rhaetia, 53, 84, 136 Rheims, 366, 375~76, 524, 528; Arch- bishop of, 270, 436; cathedral of, 420, 430, 432 Rhenish architecture, 422, 431 Rhetoric, in late Latin literature, 92- 93, 96, 124, 374-75, 383, 4i6, 590 Rhine League of cities, 369, 539, 541 Rhine River, 11-12, 17, 23, 42-43, 54, 75, 78-79, 88, 1 18-19, 167-68, 194, 209, 213, 247, 266, 314, 328, 366-69, 398, 422, 430-31, 621; and see Rhenish. Palatinate