INDEX

669 Norwegians, 217, 220, 223 Norwich, cathedral of, 423; bishop of, 458 Notitia dignitatum, 74 Notre Dame, cathedral, 432 Nova Scotia, 223 Novella, 593 Novels, of Justinian, 143 Novgorod, 224, 230, 532, 543-44, 549, 551 Noyon, 360 Numbers, see Hindu-Arabic, Roman, Mystic Numidia, 83 Niirnberg, 140, 289, 340, 369, 532, 539-40 Nymwegen, 270 Oath and oath-helpers, early German, 47, 50-51. 205, 208; 250-51, 294, 535; and see Absolution, Fidelity, Strassburg Occult virtues, in nature, 33, 387-88; in relics, 159 Occupations, in Roman Empire, 37; medieval, 334, 516-17, 584 Ocean currents, 544 Oder River, 11, 17, 228, 305, 307, 398, 551 Odo, Count of Paris, 219 Odoacer, 86-87, 94, 109 Of the Buildings of Justinian, 153 Offices, sale of, 284, 289, 485, 560-61, 563; and see Simony Oil painting, 604 Ointment, 38, 99 Oise River, 266 Olaf, St., 230 Old English, 400; and see Anglo-Saxon Old High German, 399 Old Irish, 164 Old stone age, 261 Oligarchy, 26, 483, 581, 584; and see Feudalism, and Nobility Olive, 34, 186 Omar, 180 Ommiad dynasty, 180, 198 Oporto, County of, 303 Optics, 386, 389 Orestes, 86 Orange, 33 Ordeal, 51, 205, 447, 469, 478 Ordination, 439, 443 Orient and Oriental, 20, 22-23, 46, 54, 63-64, 74, 147, 181-85, 224, 320, 324, 369, 383, 386, 401, 407, 515, 549, 61 1 ; and see Asia, China, India, Persia Origen, 103 Orkney Islands, 166, 220, 276, 395 Orlando Innamorato, 593 Orleans, 85, 149, 267, 366, 376, 510; siege of, 527-28; House of, 525-26, 625, 636 Orleanists, 525-26 Ormuz, 551 Orosius, 96, 222 Orphans, 185, 540, 515; and see Ward- ship Or San Michele, 603 Osma, 448 Osman, 554 Ostrogoths, see East Goths Other-worldliness, 64, 100, 109, 412, 414 Otranto, 559 Otto I, or the Great, Holy Roman Emperor, 228, 260-63, 265, 280, 285, 305, 308, 374 Otto II, 265, 375 Otto III, 265, 329, 375 Otto IV, of Brunswick, 457, 462-63 Otto of Freising, quoted, 347-49 Ottocar II, King of Bohemia, 637-38, 552, 559 Ottoman Turks, 553-59, 607-08 Outlawry, 51-52, 503, 534 Ouvriers, 331 Overlordship, see Feudalism, Kings, Papacy Oviedo, 273 Oxford, University of, 389, 563-64; Provisions of, 482 Oxus River, 140 Pachomius, 110-11 Padua, 352, 354, 561, 580, 603-04 Paganism, survival of, 95, 105-06, 114, 116, 119-20, 125, 134, 308, 385, 392, 592 o xt Pain, ancient callousness to, 38; Norse contempt for, 217 Painting, in catacombs, 113; Byzan- tine, 147-48; monastic, 163, 166; medieval, 426, 432, 448; Renais- sance, 587, 597-99, 601-02, 604-07 Palaces of the Renaissance, 599-600; and see Vatican Palatinate of the Rhine, 265, 533, 539 Palazzo della Ragione, at Padua, 354 Palermo, 226-27, 3°3, 3 8 3 Palestine, 98, 150, 322, 405, 468, 605; and see Holy Land Pallium, 436 Palos, 610 Pamiers, 504 Pampeluna, 366 Pandects, see Digest Panegyrics, 92, 126 Pannonia, 53, 69, 75-76, 136, 138, 140 Pantheism, 62 Pantheon, 143, 601