INDEX

667 Miniatures, 432, 601 Minister iales, 246, 255, 279, 288 Minnesingers, 405-06 Minorites, see Franciscans Minorities, 192, 271, 285, 288, 461, 481, 491, 495, 523-24, 527, 571, 627 Minstrels, 251 Miracle Plays, 409, 415, 426 Miracles, pagan, 63; of Jesus, 98; of early Christians, 100; early medie- val, 158-69, 170-71, 374; of Mo- hammed, 176; of the crusades, 310; of the Mass, 439~4i, 564; 528 Miran Mirza, 557 Mirror of Perfection, 454 Missal, 210 Missi, 203-05, 222, 475, 492 Missions, Christian, 27, 55, 100-01, 109, 111-12, 134, 149, 152, 160, 163-71, 194, 233, 393-94, 435, 450, 550 Mithra, worship of, 64, 113 Mithridates, 54 Model Parliament, 484 Modena, 352, 603 Moesia, 75-77 Mohammed, the Prophet, 151, chap. x. Mohammed II, Sultan of Turkey, 558-59 Mohammedanism, 5, 14, 145, chap, x, 200, 223, 226, 273, 301-04, 309-12, 320, 322-24, 385, 402, 453, 466, 549, 558, 608, 611, 630; and see Arabs, Islam, Moslems, Saracens Moldavia, 140, 554 Mombasa, 611 Monasticism (including monasteries, monks, nunneries, etc.), 2, 16, 92, 109-12, 116, 123, 125, 134, 152, 154, 167-68, 171, 175, 182, 184, 194-95, 199, 206-07, 210, 212, 218, 220, 223, 229, 232-33, 240, 274, 281-86, 291- 93, 295, 298-300, 303, 307-08, 320, 327-28, 337, 363, 365, 370, 375-77, 381, 392, 412, 418, 427, 435-36, 450-52, 456, 458, 490, 492, 495, 501, 515, 544, 546, 569, 572, 592, 601- 02; and see Abbot, Asceticism, Friars, Military Orders, Rule Money, see Banking, Capital, Coin- age, Interest Money fiefs, 243-44 Money payments on the manor, 486 Mongols, 58 ; their invasions and Em- pire, 393, 548-51, 554, 556, 559, 608 Mongolia, 393, 550 Monks, see Monasticism Monophysites, 128, 133, 195 Monopolies, 616, 633 Montanism and Montanus, 101 Mont Cenis Pass, 353, 356 Monte Cassino, 160, 377 Montefeltro, Federigo di, 580 Montenegro, 453 Montferrat, Marquis of, 265, 464, 466, 580 Montfort, see Simon de Monthery, battle of, 625 Montpellier, 357, 456, 508, 519 Moors, 54, 79, 121, 126, 135, 182, 273, 373, 630-33; and see Berbers, Lib- yans, Mauretania, Morocco Moral Essays, of Plutarch, 38 Moral standards, 20, 38, 93, 98, 162, 574 Moralia, of Gregory the Great, 158 Morality Plays, 375 Morat, battle of, 621 Moravia, 307, 537, 551 Moravians, religious sect, 571 Morea, Duchy of, 466 Morgante Maggiore, 593 Morgarten, battle of, 542 Morocco, 135, 180 Mosaic Law, 95 Mosaics, Roman, 32; at Ravenna, 83, 129, 146-47, 420; of St. Sophia, 145; of Cordova, 186; at Pisa, 42 1 ; stained glass and miniatures com- pared with, 426-27, 432 ; at Venice, 599; in Italy, 601 Moscow, 549, 551 Moselle River, 620 Moslems, chap, x, 195, 200, 226-27, 233, 273, 302-04, 309-10, 312, 320- 23, 326, 366, 550, 554, 558, 574 Mosques, 180, 185-87, 189, 558 Mosquitoes, 60, 184 Mother-goddess, 63-64 Mountains of Europe, 11-12 Mozambique, 611 Mummeries, 409 Mundus, 133 Municipalities, of Roman Empire, 26-27, 39, 66; survival in early Middle Ages, 115, 121; governing bodies of, disappear, 123, 327-28; and see Communes, Towns Murad I, Sultan of Turkey, 556 Murad II, 557 Musa ibn Nusair, 178-79 Museums, 7, 25, 125, 147-48, 225, 417 Music, 124-25, 140, 183-84, 375, 392, 403-04, 410, 598, 606 Muslimin, 174; and see Moslems Myriobiblos, of Photius, 148 Mysteries or Mystery Plays, 334, 375, 409, 415, 426 Mysticism, 64, 311, 411 Mystic significance of numbers, 142 Mythology, Greek, 21-24, 62, 97, 112, 166, 586, 589, 591; Oriental, 64: Norse, 45"4 6 , 59, 397, 400