INDEX

657 Free cities, 368, 534, 536, 615 Freedmen, 41, 52 Freedom, 21, 217, 307, 327, 330, 335; and see Emancipation Freeholders, 477-78, 486 Freemen, 47-48, 169-70, 217-18, 221, 238, 480-81, 534, 617; and see Citi- zenship Freiberg, 306 Freiburg Cathedral, 432 French invasions of Italy, 614, 633- 38, 640 French language, 119, 211, 260, 269, 272, 399-400, 423, 474, 487, 510, 562 French literature, 401-09, 493 French Revolution, 521 Frescoes, 1 13, 432, 597, 599 ; of Giotto, 601 ; of Masaccio, 602 Freshmen, 392 Friars, 393, 448-52, 454, 486-87, 562- 63, 634-35 Friezes, 25, 66, 600, 603 Frisia, 167-69, 194, 213, 270, 398, 488 Friuli, 156, 171, 203, 265 Froissart, 513 Frontiers, Roman, 29, 40, 43, 53, chap, v; Byzantine, 138; Frankish, 192, 198, 200, 202, 209, 218; others, 305, 308-09, 435, 620, 638 Fulda, 264 Fulk the Black, Count of Anjou, 274 Fulk V, 275 Funeral monuments, 604 Funerals, 41, 335~36 Furniture, 234, 338 Future life, see Immortality Gabelle, 499, 501 Gabriel, angel, 175 Gaelic, 398 Gaeta, 341 Gaetano, Peter, 503 Gaiseric, King of the Vandals, 83, 119-20 Galen, 23, 385, 589 Galerius, Roman Emperor, 104 Galicia, in central Europe, 551-52 Galicia, in Spain, 273, 304, 410 Galla Placidia, 82-84, 129, 147 Gallican, see Church Gallic language, 398 Gallipoli, 556 Gallo-Romans, 122, 198, 213, 272 Gama, Vasco da, 611-13, 633 Gargoyles, 429, 433 Garonne River, 12, 17, 218, 272 Gascony, 272-73, 278, 367, 434, 485, 497, 506, 508, 517-18 Gastaldo, 344 Gattamelata, 604 Gaul, 29, 34, 39-43, 52, 54, 75, 78-79, 81-86, 88-93, m-12, 115, chap, vii, 149, 155, 157, 159-60, 166-69, 171, 179, 196, 223, 227-28, 278, 283, 328, 375-76, 383, 398, 402 Gauzelin, Bishop of Paris, 219 Gelimer, King of the Vandals, 135 Genealogies, 324 Genoa, 313, 318-19, 321, 34*. 343"45, 353, 394, 467, 470, 514, 553-54, 566, 583, 609, 636-37 Geoffrey Martel, Count of Anjou, 274 Geoffrey the Fair, Count of Anjou, 275, 278, 384 Geoffrey, brother of King John of England, 457 Geography, 1; of Europe, n-12, 17; and history, 12-13; of Roman Em- pire, 19, 39; of Gaul, 88-89; Frank- ish, 215; of southern France, 271- 72; of Venice, 342-43; influence of, 24, 56, 232, 258, 260; study of, 183, 188, 224, 383-84, 386, 550, 591, 610-n; exploration and discovery, 393-95, 587, 633 Geology, 1 Geometry, 124 George, see Podiebrad, George of, and St. George, of Donatello Gepidae, 140, 150 Gerbert, 375~76, 396 German-American, 6 German Empire, modern, 40, 540 Germania of Tacitus, 41 German kingdoms in the West, chap, vii German language, 53, 119, 398-99, 552 German law, early, 4, 41-42, 48-49, 50-52, 119, 122-23, 169-70, 204, 294, 535 German literature, 42, 44, 401, 405- 07, 409, 415 Germans and Germany, geography, io-ii, 14-15; early, 33, 39, 40-55, 57-59, 68, chap. v, 102, 109; 139-40, 167-69, 171, 194, 202,204, 209, 211, 213, 217-18, 228, 233-34, 242, 246, 252, 256; feudal, 260-65; ecclesias- tical, 280, 283, 285-87, 289-92; ex- pansion, 305-09; and the crusades, 314, 320-21, 323, 326; towns and gilds, 331, 336, 340, 342, 345, 349- 50, 352, 356, 363, 368-69, 372; learning, 375-76, 389-90, 402; ar- chitecture, 422-23, 431 ; further his- tory, 436, 442, 450, 457, 460-63, 467-70, 472, 474, 513, 524, chap, xxviii, 552-53, 556-57, 560-61, 566- 72, 595, 614-17, 633, 638 Ghent, 365-67, 498, 512, 524, 618