650

INDEX vasionson, 549, 551; of Turks on, 554; of Hussite Wars on, 572; place of Italian Renaissance in the history of, 586-87; effect of voyages of dis- covery on, 611-12; in the fifteenth century, 640 Clairvaux, 299 Clan, 273 Clare, 450 Clarendon, see Constitutions of Classe, 146 Classical culture, 21; passing of, 61, 66; transition to Christian, 112; "the classical heritage," 114, 124; at Constantinople, 148-49, 152; Irish monks and, 166; Charle- magne and, 199, 211; at school of Chartres, 378, 393; and the Italian Renaissance, 578, 586, 588-92, 596- 98, 603-05 Clear-story, 146, 420, 425-26, 430-31, 433 Clement IV, Pope, 389 Clement V, 502, 506 Clement VII, 565-66 Clergy, hierarchy of, 105, no; privi- leges, 105, 159, 198, 293; as state officials, 203, 207; Charlemagne's regulation of, 206, 210, 214; mar- ried, 283; and royal courts in Eng- land, 296-98; secular, no, 298, 435, 458; regular, see Monasticism; and townsmen, 327, 464, 494; and learn- ing, 373-74; students as, 391-92; satires on, 392, 409; medieval, 435- 39, 454; anti-clerical movements, 442-44, 562-64, 616; pope and local, 471-72, 482, 496, 506, 560, 572-74; in representative assemblies, 484, 488, 494; King of France and, 491, 494, 502; taxation of, 503; after Black Death, 516, 523, 525; in Scandinavia, 546; in Spain, 574, 631 ; in France, 622-23; and see Celibacy, Church, Marriage, Priesthood Clericis laicos, 503-04 Clermont-Farrand, 267, 299, 313, 323, 326, 438; Council of, 311 Clientage, Arabian, 181; Roman, 238- Climate, influence of, 9, 13, 25, 57; Mediterranean, 19; German, 43; Italian, 348 Clocks, invention of, 388, 587 Gothing, see Costume Clovis, 88-90, 118, 120-22, 125, 159, 179, 202, 206, 213, 295 Cluny, Abbey and Congregation of, 281-82, 286, 298-300, 376, 421 Cnut, King of England, 275, 277 Coats of Arms, see Heraldry Coblenz, 366 Cochin-China, 393 Code or Codex of Justinian, 142; Re- vised, 143 Code, see Theodosian; for other codes of law see Assizes of Jerusalem, Las Siete Partidas Coeur, Jacques, 622 Coimbra, County of, 303 Coinage, 4, 44, 49, 149, 184, 204, 224; feudal, 256, 263, 269; 320, 351, 355, 369, 485, 497; depreciation of, 500- 01, 520, 546; 533, 583, 591 Colleges, 392 Collegiate churches, 418, 437 Colleoni monument, 604, 606 Cologne, 88, 334, 368, 398, 543; Arch- bishop of, 264-65, 287, 462, 532, 621; cathedral of, 430, 432; univer- sity of, 390 Coloni, 37, 67-68, 73, 93, 233 Colonization, 20-21, 26, 53, 225, 305- 09, 328, 336, 363, 435, 532, 537, 544, 552, 569, 572, 611,632 Colonna, House of, 503, 505-06, 568 Color, 148, 427, 520, 604-06; and see Dyes Colosseum, 600 Columba, St., 166, 168 Columban, St., 159, 166, 168-69 Columbus, Christopher, 223, 395, 609-13 Columns, Greek, 21; Roman, 32-33, 73; Byzantine, 145, 212; Roman- esque, 420-22; Gothic, 425-26; Renaissance, 600 Comitatus, 49-50, 239 Commedia, see Divine Comedy Commendation, 93, 123, 238-39, 255, 329 . . Commentaries, patristic, 157, 168; Arabian, 182-83; on Roman Law, 377; scholastic, 382, 385, 393 Commerce, 2, 12; ancient, 4, 20, 25; Roman, 32, 34-35, 44, 60; Byzan- tine, 149, 152; Arabian, 173, 175- 76, 183-86; early medieval, 192, 237, 327; of the Northmen, 217, 220, 224-25; revival of, 263, 306, 313, 319-20, 322, 324-25, chaps, xvii, xviii, xix, 342-46, 393~94, 409, 434, 442, 465, 467-69, 480, 485, 487, 494, 498-99, 501-02, 514-15, 519, 523, 542-44, 546, 550, 552, 558, 577, 581-84, 607-09, 611-12, 616-17, 630, 633, 637; and see Business, Snipping, Trade routes Common lands, 236, 616 Common law, English, 298, 475-78, 481, 486, 489-90, 492, 629 Common Pleas, Court of, 476