INDEX

647 the, in later Middle Ages, 525-27, 529, 53i Burgundy, Frankish, 118; Kingdom of, 166, 192-93, 213, 219, 620; Up- per and Lower, 261; see also King- dom of Aries Burgundy, County of, 271, 510, 525, 538, 616, 626, 634 Burgundy, Duchy of, 260, 267, 271, 281, 364, 376, 421, 488, 501, 508, 525-27, 529, 541, 616, 626-27 Burgundy, House of, in later Middle Ages, 525, 614-21, 624-26, 638 Burlesque verse, 405 Burma, 393 Burning at the stake, 411, 444, 447, 507, 565, 569, 632, 636 Business, Roman, 33-34, 67, 71 ; monks and, 163, 206; Arabian, 173; early medieval, 327; crusades and, 325; government and, 491, 503, 582, 585, 618, 632; Donatello and, 603; and see Banking, Bookkeeping, Capital, Coinage, Commerce, Gilds, Industry Buttress, 421, 425, 428, 433; and see Flying buttress Byron, Lord, quoted, 337, 397, 621 Byzant, 149, 303, 5®3 Byzantine art, 16, 126, 147-48, 152- 53, 271, 419; 432 Byzantine architecture, 131, 143-47, 153, 599, 601 Byzantine civilization, 167, 182, 373 Byzantine Empire, 87, 109, 120, 122, chap, viii, 192, 224-25, 229, 270; overthrown by Fourth Crusade, 465 ; Mohammedanism and, 172, 176-78, 185-86, 189-90; in Italy, 154-56, 195-98, 207-09, 226-27, 265, 301- 02, 341-43, 633; Macedonian and Comnenian dynasties, 308-12, 315- 16, 321, 324; revived, 553~54; fall of, 558-59, 591, 607 Byzantine literature, 119, 148, 229 Byzantium, 71 Ca d'Oro, 599 Caedmon, 168 Caelian Hill, 154 Caen, 513 Caesar, Julius, 19-20, 41-49, 58, 211, 261, 283, 413, 591 Caesar, title of, 14, 71; and see Borgia Caesarea, 177 Cahiers, 501 Cairo, 180, 182, 227, 318-19, 328, 608 Calabria, 196, 302 Calais, 514, 518, 522, 526, 530 Calendar, 14, 20, 83, 174, 386 Calicut, 608, 611 Caligula, Roman Emperor, 43 Caliph, 179-80, 182, 184-85, 188-89, 309-10 Caliphate of Cordova, 180, 188-89, 302 Calixtins, 569 Calvinists, 158 Cambrai, 365-66 Campania, 69 Campanile, 421, 431, 602-03 Camps, Roman, 4, 29, 435 Canary Islands, 394, 610 Canon, 418, 437; regular, 298; secular, 458 Canon Law, 294-95, 300, 355, 377-78, 389, 434, 475 Canonization, 154, 297, 449, 495, 504 Canossa, 290, 300 Cansonetta, 404 Canterbury, Archbishop of, 164, 167, 276, 293, 296-98, 380, 436, 457-58, 475, 523, 564 Canterbury Tales, 298 Cantons, Swiss, 541-42 Cape of Good Hope, 395, 609, 611 Cape Verde Islands, 609, 611 Capetian dynasty, 266-71, 276-79, 361, 375, 456, 485, 491-92, 508, 512 Capital, in Roman Empire, 34-35; in Mohammedan Spain, 186, 188; in Middle Ages, 2-3, 243-44, 325, 329- 30, 332; at Venice, 343; Italian, 355; English, 487; French, 494, 503-04; capitalist class in the towns, 523- 24; German, 616; Spanish, 632 Capilani, 346 Capitularies, 199, 204, 206, 214, 228 Cappadocia, 114 Carcassonne, 455, 510 Cardinals, 285-86, 290, 434~35, 503, 506, 565-68, 635, 638, 640 Carinthia, 200, 228, 261, 307, 537-38 Carloman, brother of Pepin, 194 Carloman, brother of Charlemagne, 199 Carlyle, 18 Carmelites, 451 Carmina Bur ana, 392, 396 Carniola, 537-38 Carolingian dynasty, chap, xi, 219, 221, 232, 256, 262, 266, 277, 280, 283, 300, 360, 375 "Carolingian Renaissance," 210-11 Carpathian Mountains, 11, 17, 42, 548, 551 Carrara, House of, 580 Cartagena, 149 Carthage, 20, 23, 36, 53, 60, 83, 93, 102, 118, 135-36, 143, 178 Carthusians, 298 Casimir the Great, King of Poland, 5$2. -