CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE xv

c. iooo Discovery of Vinland Oldest manuscript of Beowulf 1 002 Death of Almansor 1013 Danish kings in England 1 01 5-1087 Constantinus Africanus 1032 End of the Kingdom of Aries 1036 End of the Caliphate of Cordova T036-1067 Baldwin V, Count of Flanders 1039-1056 Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor / 1040 Death of Foulques Nerra, Count of Anjou 1057 End of Macedonian dynasty in the Byzantine Empire 1059 Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily, as the Pope's vassal 1063-1118 Cathedral at Pisa built 1066 Norman conquest of England 1 07 1 Battle of Manzikert 1073-1085 Pope Gregory VII (Hildebrand) y 1078 Jerusalem captured by the Turks 1 079- 1 142 Abelard 1081-1118 Reign of Alexius Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor 1085 Toledo captured by Alfonso VI of Castile and Leon 1086 Battle of Zalaca 1086-1127 William X, Duke of Aquitaine, first known troubadour 1095 Pope Urban II proclaims the First Crusade y Foundation of Portugal 1099 Jerusalem stormed by the crusaders «/ 1108-1137 Reign of Louis VI, the Fat, King of France Roman law taught by Irnerius at Bologna Questions about Nature of Adelard of Bath 1 122 Concordat of Worms 1126-1198 Averroes 1 1 37 Union of Aragon and Barcelona 1 143 Ltibeck founded 1 1 44 Fall of Edessa c. 1 1 50 Decretum of Gratian; Sentences of Peter Lombard 1 1 54 Henry II, King of England, founds the Plantagenet or Angevin dynasty with vast continental fiefs End of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Geography of Edrisi 1 163 Foundation-stone of the Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris laid by Pope Alexander III 1 170 Murder of Thomas Becket 1 171 Saladin overthrows the Fatimite dynasty in Egypt 1 176 Battle of Legnano 1 180-1223 Reign of Philip II, Augustus, King of France 1 183 Peace of Constance 1 1 87 Jerusalem captured by Saladin 1198-1216 Pope Innocent III / 1204 Latin Empire of Constantinople established f