WEBER ON THE RAMAYANA.

JUNE 7, 1872.]

181

supra), in Bharata's return journey from his uncle, and in the journey of the messengers

nishmātah, ganakāh)| writing and reckoning (lekhya-samkhyā)," the arthasastra,” and all

who were sent to fetch

kinds of arts (silpatt and kala), if the nātaka, §§ but especially the dharmaśāstram, , the nitisãs,

him."

In Rāvana's

palace in Lankä, Hanumant seest noble horses from the North-West: Árattajääs cha Kâmboján Vålhikān Subhalakshanān, Šukānanáñs cha turagán . . . ; and the powerful hounds which Bharata takes home with him as a present

from Ašvapatif re-appear in the accounts of the Greeks regarding the country of the Kwaio S. I remark further, in the fourth place, that although the word samskrita is applied in the Ramayana| in a manner which shows that it had not yet come to be used in its technical meaning as the name of the “Sanskrit.”" language, yet it is evident that the use of the

latter name was just about to come into exist ence. And accordingly we find frequent re ference made to a literature already very widely developed, and designated by names that are comparatively modern (Śāstra, for instance, used

tram," " the nyāyaśāstram," (cf. naiyāyika,f and the ānvikshiki buddih.): In this place also may be noticed the frequent references to the heretical views of the materialists and the unbe

lievers, laukayātika,S and nāstika.

In addi

tion to these, there are direct quotations: e.g.,

the Hastibhir gitāh slokah" (regarding enmity among relatives), Kanlună gāthās chirodgital,” (regarding those that pray for help), paurani gáthá,ff imam puránam dharmasamhitam . . . Rikshena gito yah slokali: Finally, we may also refer here to the mention of Dhanvantari as

king of the physicians, SS and father of Sushena, as also to the representing of Jaimini," Kātyā yana," Jāvāli and Mārkandeya as among the royal counsellors,t in Ayodhya.-Although these literary data, which I have taken, for the sake

throughout as the name for a treatise, both standing alone,” and as the second part of compound words, as shown in the examples

of unity, exclusively from the Gaula recension,f

given below).

certainly furnish, on the other hand, decisive evid

Thus, in addition to the Veda,ff

and the vedañga, consisting of six aiiga, if special ly the Šiksha§§ (mantraib Sikshāksharasaman vitaih) in addition to the sūtra and bhāshya," sūtra and kalpa"", kalpasiltra,” the following are

by no means enable us to determine the precise time at which the poem was composed, yet they ence against so high an antiquity as has hitherto been assigned to the Ramayana.

Nor, fifthly, do the data relating to the history of religion, which are furnished by the

also mentioned by name : the dhanurveda with

Ramayana, give any certain evidence that a

ańga, upāńga, upanishad and rahasya,t the gandharvavidyā,f astronomy $ (jyotirgatishu

high antiquity should be assigned to the poem. Specially noticeable in this connection is the

• 1, 55, 18, ff., II. 70, 6, 11–19, 73, 2 f. Gorr. Lassen

i II. 109, 30, (in the Kachchit-Sarga, however). § II. 109, 29, (also in the Kachchit-Sarga). | I. 5, 12, Nāstikyam II. 109, 64 (ibid.) 114, 40 (of

Ind. Alt. II. 523.

+

W. 12, 36. II. 72, 24.

Jāvāli ().

Alexander receives from Sopeithes as a present 150 of such hunting dogs : (vide Lassen, Ind. Alt. II. 16). Wide Ind. Streif, n, II. 53. As distinguished from the des’abhāshā; I. 51, 3, Gorr.

• • E. g. I. 12, 19. II. 109, 30, 63.

++ The praushthapada is the month for the svā dhyāya of the Sãmaga IV. 27, 10. if E. g., I. 5, 20. 6, 1, 71. 6, 13, 21. 80, 4. W. 16 41.

III. 69, 5.

V. 88, 6.

IV., 41, 42.

• • VI. 91, 7.

++ VI. 110, 2. it VI. 98, 32. §§ I. 46, 30. | I. 66, 22.

• • II. 82, 10.
• I. 71, 4, WI, 112, 73.

+ Similarly the old Vedic rishi, Vasishta, Vāmadeva, Gotama or Gautama, Maudgalya, Kasyapa, Bhrigu (1.7 I, 4), and other names that have merely an etymological signifi cance, such as Suyajna, Sumantra, Vijaya—are mentioned

among the royal guru or counsellors; the former evidently

§ 1. 13, 18. || I. 11, 6.

+

I. 13, 3.

• • I. 13, 21.

I. 56, 16. 79, 20.80, 27. W. 32, 9.

f I. 79, 21.80, 4. § I. 80, 29. | I. 12, 7.

• I. 80, 2, 29.
  • I. 80, 28. W. 1, 82. In this class also, e. g., hasti

sikshās and rathas'ikshās:—treatises (? or merely : In formation ?) regarding the management of elephants, and

only in majorem gloriam Sumiträ, the third wife of Dasaratha, is even spoken of as the daughter of Vāmadeva (by a karani) I. 19, 9.-The passages regarding Valmiki's being contemporary with Rāma are wanting in the Gauda recension, and are found besides only in some MSS. It is

only when we come to the Uttarakanda (and Bhavabhuti) that the MSS. agree in recording (49, 47, 51, 1 f.) that Sità came into his hermitage and there gave birth to her two

the preparation (guiding 2 Vide I. 79, 21) of war-chariots;

sons, whom he afterwards taught to repeat the Râmayana.

cf. Kaidambart, I. 67 ; Wilson, Hindu Theatre, I.14. ++ I. 80, 4. II. I. 79, 22.

Valmiki thus appears to be a new acquaintance of Sita ;

so that those passages in the previous books, which speak of an earlier meeting having taken place between them,

§§ II. 71, 4,

nātakānyapare chakrur (práhur Schl. II,

69, 4) hasyani vividhāni cha; cf. nata in combination with

must evidently have been added at a later period.-In, the

nartaka I. 12, 7 (Schl. and Gorr.) II. 67, 12 (Schl., not in

inclined to recognise a slight trace of the pique which

Gorr. II. 69). | I. 79, 20.

• • I. 79, 20. 80, 3, 27. Cf. the reference to the

kåkatáliyam vairam, III.45, 17.

• I. 80, 4.

+ II. 116, 1. -

peculiar position which Jāvāli occupies in the Rām., I am probably animated our poet, a follower of the black Yajus (vide supra p. 123 b, n.S) against the Jāvāla-school of the white Yajus.

Regarding the mention of Buddha, in II. 104, 33 (ed. Schlegel), vide supra p. 122 a, n.**