538

UNITED STATES : — IOWA

during school age (7-16). In 1918 the 11,266 public elementary schools had 475,375 pupils and 24,012 teachers. The 905 high schools had 3,620 teachers and 61,202 pupils. One public normal school had 120 teachers and 3,461 students in 1918. Total expenditure on education (1918) 32,395,988 dollars The more important institutions in the State for higher education were as follows (1919) : —

Year of Opening

Institution

Control

Profes- sors

Students

1855 1881 1857 1868

The University of Iowa at Iowa City . Drake University at Des Moines . . Upper Iowa University at Fayette. . State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts at Ames.

State

Discips. of Christ

M.E.

State

260 66 17

276

2,889

1,460

388

4,859

Besides almshouses and hospitals for the insane, &c, Iowa has 41 hospitals (seven public, the rest private or ecclesiastical), 12 orphanages (one public), 24 homes (one public), two schools for the deaf and dumb (one public), besides two dispensaries and two day nurseries. On June 30, 1914, the almshouses contained 1,283 pauper inmates.

Finance. — For the year ending July 1, 1920, the revenue and ex- penditure were : —

Dollars

5,506,703

Balance, July 1, 1919 Revenue, 1919-20

Total Disbursements, 1919-20

Balance, July 1, 1920

20,225,743

25,732,446 14,683,517

11,048,929

The State has a bonded debt amounting to 225, 000 dollars. The assessed value of real property in 1920 was 3,394,894,500 dollars and of personal property, 610,703,992 dollars.

Production and Industry. — Iowa is pre-eminently an agricultural State, nearly the whole area being arable and included in farms. In 1915 it had 199,755 farms with 32,951,056 acres of farm land. The value of all farm property in 1915 was 4,052,612,393 dollars. About half the farm area is devoted to the growing of cereals. In 1920 the crop of maize was 473,800,000 bushels ; of wheat, 13,011,000 bushels ; oats, barley, rye, and buckwheat being also grown. The crop of potatoes amounted to 11,440,000 bushels ; of hay, to 4,350,000 tons ; of flax-seed, to 120,000 bushels. The State has active live-stock industries. On January 1, 1921, it contained 1,328,000 horses, 1,252,000 dairy cows, 2,969,000 other cattle, 71,000 mules, 948,000 sheep, and 9,510,000 swine. The wool clip (1919) yielded 5,060,000 pounds of wool. In 1914, dairy products were valued at 38,779,860 dollars, and eggs at 20,593,720 dollars.

The productive coal-fields of the State have an area of about 19,000 square miles and are worked by 16,215 miners. Gypsum and ochre are worked, and mineral waters are sold. Sandstone and limestone are found,

and clay products and cement.