132 THE BRITISH EMPIRE J — INDIA AND DEPENDENCIES

Nearly all the civil judges, and the great majority of the magistrates, in the courts of original jurisdiction are natives of India ; in Bengal, Madras, and Bombay the proportion of natives in the appellate court is considerable.

The following table gives certain details of criminal cases (in thousands) : —

Persons

1913

1914

1915

2,086 997 760 181

1916

1917

1918

Under trial Convicted . Of whom, fined . ,, imprisoned.

2,141 988 768 165

2,120 993 767 172

2,098

1,009

790

173

2,038 987 771 161

1,930 919 714 164

The civil police in 1918 were 203,359 in strength. Number of prisoners in gaol at the end of the years quoted

Prisoners

1914

1915

1916

1917

1918

1919

Male . Female

109,408 2,607

119,494 2,793

113,068 2,660

112,865 2,745

119,410 2,748

117,573 2,562

Total .

112,015

122,287

115,728

115,610

122,158

120,135

The number of civil suits instituted in 1918 was 2,160,415.

Finance.

(Rs. 15 =£1).

Tears

ended

March

31

1914 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920

Revenue

Expenditure charged to Revenue

In India

ilmperiaHJ^n

£ 1,000 53,361 52,685 64.810 77.088 83,709 86,857

£1,000 30,989 31,074 82,868 33,525 38,320 39,620

In England

£1,000

857

705

877

2,049

3,229

9,198

Total

£ 1,000 85,207 1-4,414 98,050 US 66S 123,258 135,570

In India

Imperial i^SaH

In England

£1,000 81,594 34,419 37,063 44,985 67,129 78,557

£1,000 80,989 81,074 32,303 88,625 36,820 80,(80

£1,000 20,818

20,109 21,146 26,065

27.M7

£1,000 89,896

8.'.,602 90,572 104.r,7.". 127.07S 145,644

1 The revenue retained by the Government in India for its own purposes and for meeting the expenditure incurred by the Secretary of State in England is described as 'Imperial,' while that assigned to the local Governments is 'Provincial.' The expenditure is similarly classified. The 'Imperial' revenue is at present mainly derived from land revenue, opium, salt, stamps, excise, customs, income-tax, tributes, post oftice and telcgraphR, railways, Irrigation, mint, military services, &c. The 'Provincial' revenue is mainly derived from land revenue, stamps, excise, income-tax,

forests, registration, irrigation, civil departments, &c.