DEFENCE

871

Lorraine) 2 army corps (XVth and XVItli), and the kingdom of Bavaria 3 army corps (1st, 2nd, and Srd Bavarian). The strength of the field army (25 army corps and independent cavahy) together with the reserve troops, amounts to about 1,220,000 combatants. To this must be added the mobile Landwehr, the total strength of which amounts to about 600,000. The total of the mobile forces of the Gennan Empire is therefore about 1,820,000. Behind this there are, according to some computations, about 1,500,000 men, wholly or partially trained, to supply the waste of war. These figures do not include garrison units, or any part of the Landsturm.

The constitution of 1871 provides that the whole of the land forces of the Empire shall form a united army in war and peace, under the orders of the Emperor. All German troops are bound by the constitution to obej^ uncon- ditionally the orders of the Emperor, and accordingly take the oath of fidelity; but this oath is not administered to the Bavarian troops in time of peace. The Prussian War Office performs the functions of an Imperial Ministry ot War, but Bavaria, Saxony, andWiirttemberg have also War Ministers of their own. The king of Bavaria also retains by a special convention the general administration of the Bavarian troops. The military budgets of Saxony and Wiirttemberg are prepared in Berlin, and Bavaria is bound to vote military supplies in a fixed proportion to the other budgets.

The German infantry are armed with the Mauser magazine rifle, model 1898, calibre "Sll". The cavalry have the Mauser magazine carbine. All classes of cavalry carry the lance. The field and horse artillery are armed with a Krupp gun iiring a 15 lb. shell, of 1896; the carriage is of more modern date. The light field howitzer is a 30 pr. the heavy howitzer is a 94 pr.

The military expenditure of the German Empire, entered in the budget for 1912-13, amounted to 34,447,230Z. ordinary, and 189,933/^. extraordinary; total, 34,637, 163Z, This is exclusive of expenditure on colonial troops.

The following table gives in detail the peace establishment of the German Army in 1912 : —

—

Officers

Non-commissioned Officers and Men

Horses

Infantry, 217 regiments Rifles (Jager), 18 battalions . Machine-gun sections, 13 . . . District Headquarters, 305 . Non-combatants

13,232

406

52

927

2,966

392,748

11,026

1,161

6,385

661

2,508 702

Total infantry

Cavalry, 103 regiments ....

,, non-combatants Field Artillery, 100 regiments

,, non-combatants . Foot Artillery, 23 regiments

,, non-combatants . Pioneers (Engineers), 32 battalions

,, non-combatants Railway, telegraph and balloon units

(including non-combatants) Train, 25 battalions (ditto) . Small miscellaneous corps . Non-regimental officers, Ac. .

17,583

2,585

871

3,368

1,163

1,175

227

769

161

575 547

411,981

70,798

206

69,764

214

27,347

49

19,575

65

10,418 7,961

3,210 69,924 42,733

3,265 325

1,297 5,726

784 3,583

2,860 1,515

Total

33,301

622,753

126,480