INSTRUCTION

863

Schools

Teachers

Pupils

states

Males

Females

Males

Females

Total

Scliwarzb. -Soiid.

98

243

17

7,435

7,318

14,753

Schwarzb. -Rudol.

137

300

7

9,155

8,813

17,968

Waldeck ....

122

164

11

5,304

5,025

10,329

Reuss, Elder Branch

55

193

17

6,240

6,562

12,802

Reuss, Younger Branch .

118

369

10

11,363

11,867

23,230

Schaumb. -Lippe

47

103

4

3,995

3,869

7,864

Lippe ....

153

315

8

12,416

11,913

24,329

Liibeck ....

51

232

208

6,583

7,124

13,707

Bremen ....

(54

608

260

17,842

17,942

35,784

Hamburg ....

222

2,182

1,339

57,759

57,848

115,607

Alsace-Lorraine

2,974

3,123

2,586

132,979

118,816

251,795

Empire

(51,557

14!S,217

39,268

5,157,446

5.152,503

10,309,949

There were also iu 1911, 480 private schools with 11,894 boys and 14,257 girls who received iustructiou similar to that given in the Public Ele- mentary Schools.

The system of secondary education is also practically homogeneous. Above the elementary schools rank the middle schools of the towns, the Biirger- sckulen and Hohcre B'drgerschulen, which fit their pupils for business life. Children of the working classes may continue their education at the Fortbildungs-Schulen or continuation schools, which are open in the evening or other convenient time. The Gymnasien are the most fully developed classical schools, preparing pupils in a nine years' course for the universities and the learned professions. The Progymnasien differ from these only in not having the highest classes. In the Realgymnasien, Latin, but not Greek, is taught, and what are usually termed ' modern subjects ' have more time devoted to them. Realprogyninasien have a similar course, but have no class corresponding to the highest class in the preceding. In the Oberrealschulen and Realschulen Latin is wholly displaced in favour of modern languages. The teachers in German schools are required to hold a Government certificate, and to have undergone a year's probation. Higher schools for girls are called Ilohere Tochterschuleu. Besides these there are numerous Geicerheschulen or technical schools, PoZi/^cc/i/izca, normal schools, seminaries, and the universities.

In 1911 the number of secondary schools was as follows : — For boys, Gymnasia, 524 with 9,769 teachers and 160,237 pupils ; Realgymnasia, 223, with 3,708 teachers and 70,375 pupils ; Oberrealschuleri, 167, with 3,473 teachers and 75,832 pupils ; Progymnasia, 81, with 570 teachers and 9,509 pupils ; Realschulen, 411, with 4,265 teachers and 89,968 pupils. For girls, Gymnasia, 39, with 1,039 teachers and 22,137 pupils ; High schools, 789, with 11,359 teachers and 212,324 pupils.

There are 11 fully-equipped Technical High Schools,^ with the power of granting degrees. They are all aided by the States to which they respectively belong. The statistics for the winter half-year 1911-12 are as follows : —

Schools i Teaching schools 1 g^^g

Students

Schools

Aachen . Bi-unswick Danzig . Breslau .

Total .

Teaching Staff

61 46 43 20

Students

Berlin

Munich .

Darmstadt

Karlsruhe

Hanover

Dresden .

Stuttgart

' 158 70 81

li 67

(■>5

79

2,828 2,889 1,730 1,332 1,708 1,485 1,125

996

596

1,303

225

773

16,187

i The last, at Breslau, was opened on Nov. 29th, 1910.