PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRY

559

The bonded debt of the State amounts to 24,986,959 dollars. The assessed vahiation of property for 1909 was: Real estate, 412,451,116 dollars; personal, 167,144,423 dollars ; total, 579,565,539.

The true value of all property within the State in 1904 was estimated

bv the Federal Census Bureau at : — •' Dollars

674,544,741

Real property . Personal property

613,425,439

Total 1,287,970,180

The organised military force of the State, called the Virginia Volunteers, consists of infantry, artillery, and cavalry, with, in 1909, 170 officers and 2,222 enlisted men.

Production and Industry.— In 1910 there were 184,018 farms in A'irginia with an area of 19,495,636 acres, of which 9,870,058 acres was im- proved land. In 1912 the chief crops were maize, 47,520,000 bushels ; wheat, 8,596,000 bushels; oats, 3,885,000 bushels: potatoes, 8,265,000 bushels. The tobacco area was 187,000 acres, yielding 112,200,000 pounds of tobacco valued at 13,464,000 dollars. The cotton crop for 1909 covered 25,000 acres and yielded 10,746 bales ; in 1910 the yield was 16,095 bales ; in 1911, it was 29,891 bales, and the estimated yield for 1912, 24,000 bales. The manu- facture of tobacco and of cigars, &c. , is an important industry, and the Virginia cotton mills consume much more cotton than the State produces.

The farm animals in 1910 were 323,000 horses, 54,000 mules, 297,000 milk cows, 578,000 other cattle, 522,000 sheep, 774,000 swine.

The State has valuable fisheries, especially of oysters.

Virginia has considerable mineral wealth. In 1911 the output comprised coal, 6,864,667 short tons (6,254,804 dollars) ; gi-anite and limestone to the value of 821,778 dollars; slate, 188,808 dollars; claywork (1,739,900 dollars) ; pig iron, 308,789 long tons (3,898,285 dollars); manganese ores, 2,962 long tons (25,770 dollars) ; besides talc and soapstone, titanium, and other products. The value of the mineral output in 1911, including iron ore, but not pig-iron, was 13,609,364 dollars.

There are extensive ironworks in the State, and flour-milling, mamifactures of paper and pulp, trunks and bags, glass, and many other articles are pros- perous. According to the Federal census of manufactures in 1910 there were in the State 5,685 manufacturing establishments, with an aggregate capital of 216,392,000 dollars, employing 8,551 salaried officials and 105,676 wage- earners ; wages amount annually to 38,154,000 dollars : the cost of raw ma- terials used amounted to 125,583,000 dollars, and the value of the output was 219,794,000 dollars. Statistics of the more important industries for 1910 are as follow : —

Industries

Capital

Flour and grist

Lumber and timber

Tobacco . . . ,

Railway cars .

Leather, tanning, &c.

Iron and steel .

Fertilizers

Cottons .

Lumber .

Printing and publishing

Dollars

8,700,000 28,392,000 13,131,000

3,998,000 11,090,000

6,305,000

9,767,000 14,070,000 28,392,000

5,456,000

Wage- earners

Number 1,014 33,287 7,882 7,588 1,590 1,320 1,956 5,057 38,287 2,555

Cost of raw material

Dollars

15,164,000

13,892,000

11,189,000

5,255,000

6,445,000

4,418.000

5,389,000

4,699,000

13,892,000

1,405,000

Value of output

Dollars

17,598,00(J

35,855,000

25,385,000

9,956,000

8,267,000

5,389,000

8,035,000

7,490,000

35,855,000

5,370,000