Internal communications

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Tonnage 1911

22,947,853

5,400,269 4,109,501 10,217,866

atered

Tonnage 1912

Cleared

Tonnage 1911

Tonnage 1912

Atlantic ports Gulf ports . Pacific ports . Northern Lake ports . Mexican Border .

24,005,037 6,100,228 4,553,821

11,498,985

22,162,497 5,824.484 4,311,632

10,138,534

23,371,642 6,441,926 4,891,151

11,710,894 1,299

Total .

42,674,USy

46,158,071

42,437,147

46,416,912

According to nationality the vessels entered and cleared at United States ports in year ended June 30, 1912, were as follows : —

Flag

American

Austrian

Belgian

British

Cuban

Danish

Dutch .

French

German

Italian

Japanese

Entered

Tons

11,257,098

312,243 349,836 22,959,975 242,343 431,269 984,796 966,927 3,981,811 753,469 351,868

Cleared

Tons 11,703,467

313,144 339,273 22,898,705 243,597 436,826 962,547 956,303 4,030,881 767,144 234,318

Flag

Norwegian .

Portuguese

Russian

Spanish

Swedish

Other Foreign

Entered

Tons

2,674,335

9.402

114,076

436,802

75,261

256,560

Cleared

Total Foreign 34,900,973 American and

Foreign

Tons

2,654,305

9,938

109,804

408,726

77,393

270,546

34,713,445

46,168,071 46,416,912

Of the total foreign trade conducted in vessels in 1910-11 only 87 per cent, in value was carried in vessels belonging to the United States. The proportion in 1859 was 66 "9 per cent.

Internal Communications.

According to Poor's Railway Manual, the extent of railways in operation in 1830 was 23 miles ; it rose to 52,922 miles in 1870 ; to 166,703 miles in 1890; in 1900, 194,262; in 1907, 228,128; in 1908, 232,046; in 1909, 238,356, including railroads constructed prior to 1909, and reported for the first time ; in 1910, 242,107 ; in 1911, 246,573.

The mileage of railways in 1911, not including double track, sidings, or spurs, is divided among the several groups of States as folloAvs : — New England States, 8,033 miles; Middle Atlantic, 24,430 miles; Central Northern, 45,995 miles ; South Atlantic, 28,377 miles; Gulf and Mississippi Valley, 23,131 miles ; South-Western, 52,588 miles ; North- Western, 40,008 miles ; Pacific, 24,010 miles. The ordinarj'- gauge is 4 ft, 8J-in.

The total capital invested in railway's (stock, funded and unfunded debt) in 1911 was 19,990,194 dollars. For 1911 the gross earnings were 2,848,968,965 dollars, and the net earnings, 903,219,137 dollars.

In 1910 the track mileage of electric railways was 40,088 miles.

The telegraphs of the United States are largely in the hands of the Western Union Telegraph Company, which had, in 1910-11, 219,219 miles of line, 1,487,345 miles of wire, and 24,926 oflaces ; the number of messages

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