248

THE BRITISH EMPIRE: — CANADA

what in abeyance. The old cruisers Niohe and Rainbow are used as training ships. The local force consists otherwise of a number of miscellaneous gun- vessels and icebreakers, some of which are on the Great Lakes. ' In 1911-12 the expenditure of the naval service department was 2,492,812 dollars.

Production and Industry.

Agriculture. — In 1901, there were 30,166,033 acres of improved land out of 63,422,338 acres of occupied land ; 19,763,747 acres were under crop. The crops most widely cultivated are wheat, oats, barley and flax. The following statistics are for 1911 : —

Wheat

Barley

Oats

1931

Acres i Bushels

Acres

Bushels

Acres

Bushels

Ontario

971,203 20,222,000

616,977

16,248,000

2,699,230

84,829,000

Quebec

71,080 1 1,200,000

106,010

2,413.000

1,430,677

37,512,000

Nova Scotia

9,917 ! 21 s, 000

6,301

153,000

84,499

2,535,000

New Brunswick .

13,220

255,000

2,613

74,000

198,120

5,970,000

Manitoba .

3,339.072

01,059,000

759,977

23,999,000

1,628,562

73,787,000

P. E. Island

80,090

58?l,000

4,561

117,000

175,800

5,240,000

British Columbia

14,470

425,000

2,180

81,000

38,500

1,950,000

Alberta

1,616,899 i 36,143,000

156,418

4,151,000

1,178,410

50,964,000

Saskatchewan .

5,232,248 i 96,7^7,000

' 244,993

6,800,000

2,192,806

98,676,000

Total Canada

11,298,211

216,959,000

! 1,900,090

54,096,000

9,626,664

367,463,000

1911

Potatoes

Flax

Acres

Bushels

Acres

Bushels

Ontario

162,457

13,919,000

8,367

118,000

Quebec

137,574

17,435,000

1.719

19,000

Nova Scotia

26.566

5,446,000

—

New Brunswick

47,304

8,493,000

—

—

Manitoba .

44,4s7

8,317,000

77,789

1,123,000

P. E. Island

34,000

4,500,000

—

British Columbia

11,609

3,011,000

93,6n2

973,000

Alberta

22,884

4,417,000

950,049

10,688,000

Saskatchewan .

24,558

5,108,000

—

—

Total Canada

511,439

70,646,000

1,131,586

12,921,000

Other products (1911) were rye, 153,272 acres, 2,694,400 bushels; peas, 288,310 acres, 4,536,100 bushels: mixed grain, 563,846 acres, 16,679,000 bushels; buckwheat, 359,367 acres, 8,155,500 bushels; beans, 60,630 acres, 1,155,600 bushels ; sugar beets, 177,000 tons ; turnips and other roots, 84,933,000 bushels; and corn for husking, 18,772,700 bushels. The total estimated area and production of certain crops in Canada in 1912 were : wheat, 9,758,400 acres, 199,200,000 bu,shels ; barley, 1,415,200 acres, 42,200,000 bushels ; oats, 9,216,900 acres, 332,600,000 bu.shels ; ryQ, 148,700 acres, 2,400,000 bushels; maize, 292,850 acres, 15,500,000 bushels. In Ontario, apples, the vine, and tobacco are grown. The live stock in Canada in 1912 comprised 2,336,800 horses, 2,890,100 milk cows, 4,093,600 other cattle, 2,360,600 sheep, and 2,656,400 swine. In 1912, there were divided among ranches in Manitoba, 945 acres, British Columbia, 406,152 acres, Alberta, 2,001,234 acres, and Saskatchewan, 1,145,966 acres : total, 3,554,297 acres (1,424 ranches). In year ended March 31, 1912, 81,725 tons of cheese,

and 4,872 tons of butter were exported from Canada.