132 THE BRITISH EMPIRE : — INDIA AND DEPENDENCIES

Nearly all the civil judges, and the great majority of the magistrates, in the courts of original jurisdiction are natives of India ; in Bengal, Madras, and Bombay the proportion of natives in the appellate court is considerable.

The following table gives certain details of criminal cases (in thousands) : —

Persons

Under trial Convicted . Of whom, fined

1905

1906 1907

190S

1,767 862 655

1,806 1,817 860 851 644 642

1,844 ' 860 626

1909

1,856 855 642

1910

1,885 872 664

J. no HJHUVVlllg la a, LOiUi.^ \ji.

■

Cases

1907

1,106

428

7,492

41,173

1908

190'J

1910

Murder .... Dacoity .... Cattle theft Ordinary theft .

1,203 659

8,927 48,448

1,143

453

7,710

40,872

1,092

369

7,200

37,279

-In 1910, 474 persons were sentenced to death. The civil police of 1910 were 188,935 in strength. Number of prisoners in gaol at the end of the years quoted :-

Prisoners

190(3

. ' 97,022 2,693

99,715

1907

1908

1909

1910

Male Female

Total .

99,347 2,637

101,984

101,803 2,596

104,399

101,305 2,701

104,006

100,516 2,474

102,990

Finance.

Ycais

ended

March 31

1901 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911

Revenue

Rs.

97,08,61,088 1,06,26,28,047 1,09,71,68,304 1,06,50,49,125 1,04,64,23,032 1,11,89,02,424 1,21.02,37,096

Expenditure

Total Expenditure

In India

Rs. 68,77,92,076 75,19,82,648 78,52,01,565 78,31,49,431 81,86,11,296 82,29,59,068 85,74,69,334

In Great Britain

Rs.

25,80,14,355 27,92,61,975 28,81,26,120 27,73,09,005 28,38,77,385 28,68,43,740 29,37,23.445

Rs.

94,58,06,431 1,03,12,44,623 1,07,33,27,685 1,06,04,58,436 1,10,24,88,681 1,10,98,02,808 1,15,11,92,779

Since January, 1898, the sterling value of the rupee has been nearly steady at Is. Ad., on which since 1900-01 the budget estimates have been prepared.

The following table shows the items of revenue and expenditure for 1911-12

(revised estimate) and 1912-13 (budget estimate) :—