1804

TURKEY AND TRIBUTARY STATES

March, 1911, for one year. On January 15, 1912, the first Turkish Parlia- ment was dissolved

The Turkish Cabinet, which oame to power on January 24, 1913, after a coup cVetat, consists of the following members : —

Grand Vizier and Minister of War. — Marshal Mahmud Shevket Pasha.

Miiiister of Justice. — Ibrahim Pasha.

President of the Council of State and Foreign Minister — Prince SaidHalim of Egypt.

Minister of Marine. — General Tschuruk Sula Mahmud.

Minister of Public Instruction. — Shukri Bey.

Minister of the Interior. — Hadji Adil Bey.

Minister of Finance. — Rifaat Bey.

Minister of Public Works and Coinmerce. — Batzaria Effendi.

Minister of Mines, Forests, and Agriculture.— T>}Q\al Bey.

Minister of Posts and Telegraphs. — Oskian.

Minister of Pious Foundations. — Hairi Bey.

She'ik-ul- Islam. — Mussa Kiazim Effendi.

The whole of the empire is divided into Vilayets, or governments, these subdivided into Sanjaks, or minor provinces, these into Kazas, or districts, with occasional subdivision into Nahies, or sub- districts. At the bottom of the list is the " Karie " or village, having at its head a " Mouktar." A Vali, or governor-general, representing the Sultan, and assisted by a provincial council, is placed at the head of each Vilayet. The minor provinces, districts, &c., are subjected to inferior authorities (Mutesarifs, Kaimakams, Mudirs and Muktars) under the superintendence of the Vali. The division of the country into Vilayets has been frequently modified of late for political reasons. For similar reasons six of the Sanjaks of the empire are governed by Mutessarifs appointed directly by the Sultan, and are known as Mutessarifats, reporting direct to the Ministry of the Interior. All subjects, however humble their origin, are eligible to, and may fill, the highest offices in the State.

Area and Population.

The Ottoman Empire is made up of (1) Turkey in Europe^ (the archi- pelago and the Balkan Peninsula), (2) Turkey in Asia (Anatolia, Arabia, Syria, Palestine, Mesopotamia, and Kurdistan), and (3) Provinces of the Isles of Crete, Samos, and Cyprus. The total area (including States nomi- nally subject) may be estimated at 941,416 square miles, and its total popu- lation at about 39,600,000, viz. :—

—

Square miles

Population

Immediate possessions : —

Europe

Asia

104,984 429,272

8,000,000 21,000,000

634,250

29,000,000

Crete

Cyprus

Saraos— tributary principality .... Egypt

3,400

3,580

180

400,000

310,200

237,000

53,400

10,000,000

407,160

10,600,600

Total

941,416

39,600,000

1 At the conclusion of the war, which commenced on September 30, 1912, the Turlfish possessions in Europe will be considerably lessened, Turkey in Enrol e being in jiart divided among the Allied States (Bulgaria, Servia, Montenegro, and Greece), and in part created into an independent state of Albania. "

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