RELIGION

1291

Trades

Factories

Employees

Male

Female

Total

Chemical industry .... Centrals for power, gas, and water . Paper and graphic trades "Woodworkiug trades

Metal working

Macliinery, apparatus, etc. Jewellery and watchmaking . Clay and stone trades

198 263 625 1,268 623 640 856 441

6,967 4,254 13,227 23,333 21,865 45,313 21,445 17,160

1,725

1

4,930

432

1,460

1,122

13,538

1,000

8,692 4,255 18,157 23,765 23,325 46,435 34,983 18,160

Of the persons exercising a profession in 1900, 187,446 (140,939 men and 46,507 women) were foreigners, having 166,729 foreigners (47,876 male and 118,853 female) dependent on them ; total foreigners dependent on occupation, 354,175.

II, Movement of Population.

Years

Total Births

Stillbirths

Marriages

Deaths and Stillbirths

Surplus of Births over Deaths

1906 1907 1908 1909 1910

98,971 97,692 99,464 97,296 96,669

3,366 3,185 3,223 3,184 3,154

26,220 27,660 27,637 27,395 27,344

62,571 62,445 60,920 62,596 59,678

36,400 35,247 38,544 34,700 36,991

In 1910 the illegitimate births numbered 4,417, or 4 '6 per cent. The number of divorces was 1,527.

The number of emigrants in five years was : — 1907, 5,710 ; 1908, 3,656 ; 1909, 4,913 ; 1910, 5,178 ; in 1911, 5,512 ; in 1912, 5,871.

III. Principal Towns.

On December 1, 1910, the population of the principal towns was as follows :— Zurich, 189,088 ; Basel, 131,914 ; Geneva, 125,520 ; Bern, 85,264; Lausanne, 63,926; St. Gallen, 37,657; Chaux-de-Fonds, 37,636; Luzern, 39,152; Biel, 23,583; Winterthur, 25,066; Neuchatel, 23,505.

Religion.

There is complete and absolute liberty of conscience and of creed. No one is bound to pay taxes specially appropriated to defraying the expenses of a creed to which he does not belong. No bishoprics can be created on Swiss territory without the approbation of the Confederation. The order of Jesuits and its affiliated societies cannot be received in any part of Switzerland ; all functions clerical and scholastic are forbidden to its members, and the interdiction can be extended to any other religious orders whose action is dangerous to the State, or interferes with the peace of different creeds. The foundation of new convents or religious orders is forbidden.

According to the census of December 1, 1910, the number of Protestants amounted to 2,108,590, of Roman Catholics to 1,590,792, and of Jews to 19,023, Protestants are in a majority in 12 of the cantons, and Catholics

in 10, Of the more populous cantons, Zlirich, Bern, Vaud, Neuchatel, and