1258

SPAIN

Town

Top.

Town

Pop.

Town 1 Linares .

Pop.

Madrid .

571,539

Palma .

68,359

36,419

Barcelona

560,000

Jerez

62,628

! San Sebastian

47,894

Valencia .

233,348

Cordoba.

65,160

Alcoy .

33,729

Sevilla .

155,366

Santander

65,209

Badajoz .

33,160

Malaga .

133,(145

Alicante.

51,165

Vitoria .

32,377

Murcia .

124,985

Oviedo .

52,874

Burgos .

31,489

Cartagena

96,9S3

Giion .

52,226

Castellon

30,583

Zaragoza .

105,788

Almeria

45,198

Navarra

28,759

Bilbao

92,514

Las Palnias .

53,824

Huelva .

27,699

Granada .

77,425

Coruiia .

45,650

Jaen

26,894

I'adiz

67,174

S. Cruz (Canaries).

53,403

Salamanca .

26,295

Valladolid

67,742

The movement of population in 5 years was as follows : —

Years

Marriages

Births

Deaths

Surplus of births

1907 1908 1909 1910 1911

136,355 141,040 129,528 139,176 142,119

645,986 657,699 650,415 646,787 625,172

472,054 460,942 4(>6,075 456,127 463,678

17r.,032 196,759 183,740 190,660 161,494

Emigration in 1906, 126,771 ; in 1907, 130,640 ; in 1908, 157,555 ; in 1909, 111,058; in 1910, 160,136; in 1911, 139,683 (99,709 men and 39,974 women); Emigration from Spain is chiefly to Argentina (99,090), Cuba (28,860) and Brazil (6,831).

Religion.

The national Church of Spain is the Roman Catholic, and the whole popu- lation of the kingdom adhere to that faith, except about 30,000, Protestants (about 7,000), Jews (about 4,000), Rationalists, etc. Within the Peninsula, apart from Portugal, there are 9 metropolitan sees and 47 suffragan sees, the chief being Toledo, whose archbishop bears likewise the title of Patriarch of the West Indies The Constitution requires the nation to support the clergy and the buildings, &c. , of the Church, and for this purpose the State expends annually about 41,000,000 pesetas. Efforts are being made for a reduction of the Church estimates. The relations between Church and State, are in ac- cordance with the Concordat of May 6, 1851, and although it is laid down in this that only the orders of San A^icente de Paul, and Felipe Neri, with one other to be subsequently named, should be permitted in Spain, mauy other orders have been allowed to establish themselves. The third order refeired to above, has never been named, and the conditions of this Concordftt have never been rigidly adhered to. The present Government is working to en- force the law above referred to, and no fundamental changes are contemplated at present. A law known as the "Padlock Bill" Avas pai^sed in Decend^er, 1910, prohildting the establishment of any more religious houses, without the consent of the Government. This is only a temporary measure, a more comprehensive Act is being draited, which will be discussed shortly. Liberty of worship is now allowed to Protestants. The communities of! the religious orders are numerous and influential in Spain. Man 3'^ of them have schools, and about 5,200 of their members are engaged in teaching

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