PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRY

1175

At Galatz on the Danube, at the mouth of the Sereth, are 3 lines of fortifications, and at Nemolassa on the Sereth are 2 lines. Again at Focsani to the north-west, near the Sereth, are extensive works in 3 lines. All these fortifications are in the nature of entrenched camps, and are armed with numerous Krupp and Gruson guns. Around Bucharest are 18 forts and many batteries.

Rumania has in the navy the EUsabeta, launched at Elswick in 1887 a protected cruiser of 1,320 tons displacement and 4,900 horse-power, 3^-inch armour at the belt, 4 6-inch and 8 machine guns ; the Mircea, training ship, a composite brig of 350 tons ; 7 gunboats ; 6 coast-guard vessels ; a screw despatch vessel (240 tons) ; 6 first-class and 2 second-class torpedo- boats. On October 4, 1907, twelve vessels for naval police were launched at Galatz, with eight vedettes. A floating dock has been purchased in Scot- land. There are four river monitors, lightly armoured, of 600 tons each. It has been proposed to order 4 destroyers and 12 torpedo boats. At Galatz there is a marine arsenal.

Production and Industry.

According to an estimate by Dr. Colesco, the distribution of the soil of Rumania with respect to agriculture in 1905 was as follows :—

Ploiighefl lands .

Fallow lands .

Vineyards and orchards

Meadows

Pastures ....

Acres . 13,526,100 . 1,297,400

456,500 . 1,213,000 . 2,504,600

Forests (less clearings) Water .... Other lands .

Total .

Acres 5,637,300 1,994,000 5,524,700

32,153,600

Of the cultivable land (arable, meadow, plantation, and orchard land) the distribution with respect to ownership is as follows : —

Size of Properties

Acres 24 '7 and under Over 27-4 ,, „ 123-5 . „ 123-5 ,, ,, 247 . 247

Total

Proprietors Area

Number

1,015,302

36,318

2,381

4,471

1,058,172

Acres 8,199,647 1,719,104

408,676 9,354,364

19,681,791

Per cent, of area

41-66 8-73 2-08

47-53

100-00

In the last two years the chief agricultural crops were as follows

Area cultivated

Production

Crop

1911

1912

1911

1912

Acres

Acres

Bushels

Bushels

Wheat . . .

4,825,410

5,113,467

90,827,760

86,208,589

Rye ....

329,490

264,99()

4,835,149

3,473,686

Barley

1,26-^,002

1,236,914

25,348,748

20,644,129

Oats

1,003,537

943,378

25,411,729

20,140,385

Maize

5,213,127

5,135,967

107,331,000 Gallons

~

Wine

214,650

215,846

21,865,000 Cwt.

—■

Plums

182,365

183,356

2,063,345

—

Tobacco .

24,980

22,940

183,121