1172

RUMANIA

The four historic divisions of ;tlie country wore populated (1912) as follows :— Moldavia, 2,145,464; Grand Wallachia (Muutenia), 3,298,394; Oltenia, 1,413,897 ; Dobrogsa, 390,306.

The population in 1899 consisted of 3,026,639 males and 2,930,051 females. The density varied from 38 inhabitants per square mile in Tulcha to 243 per square mile in Ilfov, the average for the whole country having been 117 per square mile. With respect to nationality the population of Rumania in 1899 was classified as follows: — Rumanians, 5,489,296 (92*5 per cent.) ; subjects of foreign States, 182,875 (3-1 per cent.) ; foreign Jewa, 5,859 (0*1 per cent.); Jews under Rumanian protection, 256,588 (4'3 per cent.); others under Rumanian protection. Of foreigners, the Austro- Hungarians numbered 104,108 ; Turks, 22,989 ; Greeks, 20,057. Among Rumanians there are racial differences of which the census returns take no account. In Central Moldavia there are thousands of Magyar descent (Changa'i and Szeklers) ; the communes along the Danube have many inhabitants of Bulgarian and Servian origin ; scfittered over the country are hordes of Gipsies most of whom have settled in Rumanian villages. In Dobiudja the foreign element is strong, Turkish, Tartar, Bulgar, Russian, and German. Rumanians are spread extensively in the neigli bouring countries — Transylvania, Hungary, Bukowina, Bessarabia, Servia, Bulgaria, Macedonia ; their total number probably is between 10 and 12 millions.

The number of births, deaths, and marriages, with surplus of births over deaths, was as follows in each of the last five years : —

Years

Births

Deaths

Marriages

Surplus of Birth over Deaths

11)00

202,438

157,204

00,803

105,234

1007

274,487

175,794

70,203

98,693

190S

272,850

185,393

01,499

87,457

19011

282,342

188,325

03,212

94,017

1910

273,100

172,843

04,286

100,203

iini

299,870

79,070

74,542

120,794

Not included in the births and deaths are the still-born, 8,144 (27 per cent, of the total births in 1911). The illegitimate births in 1911 were about 8-4 per cent, of the total number. In 1904 there were 1,800 divorces ; in ]905, 1,718; in 1906, 1,737; in 1907, 2,167; in 1908, 2,384; in 1909, 2,651 ; in 1910, 2,847 ; in 1911, 3,029.

The principal towns are (population 1912) : — Bucharest, the capital and seat of Government, 338,109 ; Jassy, 75,882 ; Galatz, 71,719 ; Braila, 64,730 ; Plbesti, 56,594; Craiova, 51,973; Botosani, 32,813 ; Buzan, 28,781 ; Con- stantza, 26,628 ; Berlad, 25,381 ; Focsani, 25,155.

Religion, Instruction, Justice, &c.

Of the total population of Rumania in 1900, 5,408,743 belonged to the Orthodox Church, 168,176 were Catholics or Protestants, 16,598 were Armenians, 269,015 were Jews, and 43,470 were Mahometans. The govern- ment of the Orthodox Church lests with two archbishops, the first of them styled the Primate of Rumania, and the second the Archbishop of Moldavia. There are, besides, six bl-^hops of the National Church, and a Roman Catholic archbishop and bishop.^ Only the clergy of the National Orthodox

' 111 UuuKary there is a Uuiatc uictroijulitau with 3 .sulVragaus, all uf Hic Graceo- liuuiaiiiau rite.

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