SHIPPING, ETC.— MONEY, WEIGHTS, AND MEASURES 1155

Imports from Portugal into U. Kingdom Exports to Portugal from U. Kingdom

1908

£

2,770 2,434

1909

1910

£

2,873 2,320

£ 3,095 2,770

1911

1912

£ 2,874 2,802

2,834 3,040

Shipping, Navigation, and Internal Communications.

The commercial navy of Portugal on January 1, 1911, contained 66

steamers of / 0, 193 tons in the aggregate, and 259 sailing vessels of 43,844 tons

Jn 1911, 10,370 vessels of 19,154,239 tons, entered the ports of Portugal'

ihe length of railways open for traffic on December 31, 1911 was 1 780

"^^tll '^^.T-^^' ^^^ "^'^'^ belonged to the State. The railways have a gauge

.1. ol"V-, ^^""^"^^ * ^^^' ""^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^ 3ft. 3iin. gauge, and the other a 2ft. llim. gauge. » & »

The number"" of post-offices at the end of 1910 was 4,044 ; the number of letters, newspapers, &c., carried in the same year was : internal 87 437 641 • international and colonial, 24,888,458. The number of telegraph 'offices at ^?o .?^^^^.^ !' ^^^- ^^'^'^ '^^^'^ ^^ ^^e s^me date 5,945 miles of line ? oKo «'.n "^"l^' oiy^ixe The number of telegrams in 1910 was : internal,

.'fi'/oi.^.l^'"^*'"^^' 623,888; transit, 2,793,789; service, 160,306 total, 4,8oD, 823.

Money, Weights, and Measures.

On December 30, 1911, the situation of the Bank of Portugal was as follows :— Metallic stock, 12,700,924 milreis ; note circulation, 82 421 472 milreis; deposits, 3,818,119 milreis; commercial account, 23,182'913 mi reis ; advances, 1,536,083 milreis; balance against Treasury, 26,590 689

f oio'^;n.^^M ^P'^^ °^ ^^® ^^^^ ^"^ 13,500,000 milreis, and the reserve fund 0,273,400 milreis.

oi P.nFnf"'-'?"-^^' i?^^' ^'^^ ^^°^^^ ^^° ^^^^1 ^^^ deposits amounting to 21,830,895 milreis. The monthly average of deposits in the banks of Lisbon and Oporto m 1909 was 23,653,000 milreis.

The gold coinage of Portugal issued since 1854 amounts to the nominal value of 7,96/, 002, and the silver coinage to 37,934,523.

The Decree of the Provisional Goverument of May 22, 1911, established a new monetary system, but the new coins are not yet in circulation The unit IS the gold escudo, of 100 centavos, which is equivalent to tlie l-milreis gold piece. Gold coins are 2, 5, and 10-escudo pieces; silver coins are 1-escudo, and 50, 20, and 10-centavos pieces ; there are bronze and nickel ^^^^\ nn i' ^' \' ^"d i-centavo. The gold coins and the silver escudos are '9 00 hne ; the other silver coins are -835 fine. The English sovereicm ancl half sovereign shall be legal tender for 4* and 2^ escudos respectively °

On January 1st, 1912, the legal time for Portugal was in accordance with the Greenwich meridian.

The metric system of weights and measures is the legal standard. The ciiief old measures still in use are :—

The Libra

„ Almude I of Lisbon t ,, Oporto ,, Alqueire . ,, Moio

1-012 3-7 5-6 0-36

lb. avoirdupois, imperial gallons.

,, bushel.

2-78

,, quarters.

4 E

2