AKEA AND POPULATION

1139

census of 1908, is 140,884, Callao 31,000, Arequipa 35,000 to 40,000, Cuzco 10,000 to 15,000, Iquitos district 12,000, Ayaciicho 14,346, Huara 7,646, Hnacho 6,283.

The Republic (including Tacua) is divided into 18 departments and 2 provinces (Callao and Moquegua), the areas of which, according to estimates supplied by the Lima Geographical Society, are given below with the population, according to the census returns of 1876 (the latest official one) and an estimate for 1896. The estimate, however, is not to be accepted as satisfactory, grave doubts being entertained whether the popu- lation is increasing. The Peruvian Government are of opinion that the population is under 3,000,000 ; the London Stock Exchange has taken 4,000,000 as a basis for computation: —

Area:

Population

Pop. per

Departments

English square miles

square mile, 1896

1876

1896

Piura

16,825

135,615

213,909

12-7

Cajamarca

12,538

212,746

442,412

35-2

Amazonas

13,943

34,284

70,676

5-0

Loreto

288,456

61,905

100,596

0-4

Liberdad

10,206

147,336

250,931

24-5

Ancachs .

16,562

284,830

428,703

25-9

Lima i

13,310

225,800

298,106

22-4

Callao 2 .

14

34,492

48,118

3437-0

Huancavelica

9,251

103,069

223,796

24-2

Huamico .

14,024

78,991

145,309

10-3

Junin

23,347

209,759

394,393

16-9

lea .

8,718

60,255

90,962

10-4

Ayacucho .

18,185

142,215

302,469

16-6

Cuzco

156,270

243,032

438,646

2-8

Puno

41,198

259,449

537,345

13-0

Arequipa .

21,947

157,046

229,007

10-4

Moquegua 2

5,549

28,785

42,694

7-7

Apurimac

8,187

118,525

177,387

20-4

Lambaj'eque

4,614

86,738

124,091

26-9

Tacna

12,590

36,009

50,449

4-0

Total

695,733

2,660,881

4,609,999

6-6

1 Province of Lima, pop. (1908) 172,927. 2 Callao and Moquegua are provinces, not departments.

In 1912 a new political and geographical department was created — Madre de Dios.

There are, besides, many uncivilised Indians, but their numbers are absolutely unknown. The Peruvian Government encourages immigration of properly qualified persons, but would-be settlers entirely destitute of capital are mentioned as undesirable.

As a result of the war with Chile, the latter country has annexed the province of Tarapaca. The Chileans have also, under the treaty signed in 1883 and ratified in 1884, occupied the provinces of Tacna and Arica since 1883. A popular vote should in 1894 have decided to which country they are to belong, but owing to the failure of negotiations for arriving at a tnodxis operandi, the decision was deferred. In 1913, however, an agreement between the two countries was accepted, and a Treaty of Commerce and Navigation signed.

As to the boundary dispute with Bolivia an arrangement has been come to by direct negotiations between Bolivia and Peru. The frontier line

4 D 2