RELIGION — INSTRUCTION

1(313

In 1909 the still-births (not included in the above) numbered 161,596 or 8*9 per cent.), and the illegitimate, 147,558 (or 9*2 per cent.). The following is a list ot large towns and cities in 1908 : —

61,233

61,103

58,254

57,437

55,682

53,614

50,396

49,882

47,562

47,206

47,114

45,183

44,166

43,980

42,869

42,578

42,234

41,488

41,229

41,028

39,961

ly called Akainagaseki,

Religion (excluding Formosa).

There is absolute religious freedom. The chief forms of religion are — (1) Shintoism, with 12 sects ; (2) Buddhism, with 12 sects and 33 creeds. There is no State religion, and no State support. In 1909 — Shinto priests, 76,149 ; students, 154. Buddhist temples, 71,880; bonze, 121,553; students, 9,788. There were, besides, 1,966 licensed preachers and 1,219 churches and preaching stations of the Roman Catholic, Greek, Catholic, and Protestant Churches. Since 1891 the Roman Catholics have had an episcopate of one archbishop and three suffragan bishops. There are shrines dedicated to the eminent ancestors of the Imperial House, and to meritorious subjects ; these are independent of any religious sect, and some of them are supported by State or local authorities. In 1909 the shrines numbered 147,441, and the ritualists, 14,821.

Instruction.

Elementary education is compulsor3^ The number of children of school age (6-14) on March 31, 1910, was 6,479,004. The following are the educational statistics foi 1910 : —

Tokyo .

2,186,079

Kumamoto .

Osaka .

1.226,590

Sakai .

Kyoto .

442,462

Shimonoseki ^

Yokohama

394,303

Toyama

Nagoya .

378,231

Moji

Kobe .

378,197

Shidzuoka

Nagasaki

176,480

Fukue .

Hiroshima

142,763

Kofu .

Kanazawa

110,994

Naba .

Kure

100,679

Aomori .

Sendai .

97,944

Utsunomiya .

Okayama

93,421

Maibashi

Sasebo .

93,051

Matsuyama .

Otaru .

91,281

Toyohashi .

Hakodate

87,875

Otsu

Fukuoka

82,106

Takamatsu .

Wakayama

77,303

Yamagata

Yokosuka

70,964

Gifu .

Sapporo

70,084

Tsu

Tokushima

65,561

Himeji .

Kagoshima

63,640

Takasaki

Niigata

61,616

1 Shimon

L>.seki was former]

Wakamatsu

39,265

Nagano

39,242

Mito .

38,435

Kochi .

38,279

Ujiyaniada

37,539

Hirosaki

37,487

Akita .

36,294

Matsue

36,209

Saga

36,051

Morioka

36,012

Kurume

35,928

Yonezawa

35,380

Nagaoka

35,376

Matsumoto

35,011

Takaoka

33,603

Fukusliinia

33,493

Nara

32,732

Tottori

32,682

Kokura

31,61.^)

Yokkai(;lii

30,704

Onomiclii

30,367

Institutes

Number

Teaching Staff

' Students and Pupils

Elementary schools .

26,115

144,674

' 6,479,004

Middle

303

5,844

117,4.34

High girls' ,,

177

2,7-22

51,440

Normal „

78

1,406

f 23,422

Special & technical schools

5,682

7,619

305,938

Various ,,

3,128

9,553

206,189

Universities ,,

3

640

7,266