1012

JAPAN

of Shimonoseki in 1895, and Japanese Karafuto was ceded by Russia by the Treaty of Portsmoutb, N.H., in 1905. By the same Treaty of Peace the Russian Government ceded to Japan the lease of Port Arthur, Ta-lien, and adjacent territory and waters, and also the railway between Chan-Chun and Port Arthur, and the coal mines worked in connection therewith. The Chino- Japanese Treaty of December 22, 1905, provided for the interests of China and Japan with respect to Manchuria. By a treaty between Japan and Korea on Aug. 23, 1910, the Korean Territory was annexed to the Empire of Japan. Administratively there exists a division into 47 prefectures. There is also a division into 637 rural districts, 66 cities, 1,185 towns, and 11,142 villages (1910).

Number of Japanese proper [i.e. excluding natives of Formosa and the Pescadores) residing in Japan or abroad : —

Year

Population (Dec. 31)

Annual Increase per cent.

1-17 1-16

i

Year

1911 1912

Population (Dec. 31)

Annual Increase per cent.

1909 1910

50.295,279 50,939,137

51,591,342

52,200,679

1-28 1-27

Number of Japanese at home and abroad (1908), was as follows:-

—

Sq. m.

Population

Pop.

per

sq. m.

1 __

Sq. m.

Population

Pop.

per

sq. m.

Central Honshiu Northern ,, Western ,,

36,600 30,204 20,681

19,004,475

7,480,432

10,929,374

519

248 528

Shikoku.

Kiushiu .

Hokkaido

Grand tot.

7,031 16,840 36,299

3,288,310 7,726,934 1,137,455

49,588,798

468

460

81

Total Honshiu

87,485

37,414,281

428

147,655

336

There were 26,380,220 males and 25,820,465 females in 1912.

On December 31, 1908, the population was divided as follows : — Imperial family, 67 ; kwazoku, or nobles, 5,642; shizoku, or knights, 2,218,623; common people, 47,382,262 (including Aiuus in Hokkaido, 18,017). In 1910 21,889 Japanese emigrated, and of these 2,478 went to China, 8,771 to Russia, 1,053 to Australia, 1,921 to Hawaii. In 1910, 3,022 Japanese migrated to the U.S., and in 1911, 4,520. On December 31, 1910, the number of foreigners in Japan (exclusive of Formosa) was 15,154, of whom 8,462 were Chine>se, 2,471 English, 1,665 American, 809 German, 547 French, 216 Portuguese, 94 Dutch, 137 Russian, 116 Swiss.

Births, deaths, and marriages of Japanese at home and abroad : —

Year

Marriages

Births

1,599,131 1,399,203 1,621,973 1,672,627 1,705,877

Deaths

1,044,855 961,550 1,024,286 1,038,110 1,099,797

Excess of Births

1905 1906 1907 1908 1909

351,260 353,274 433,527 461,940 438,771

554,276 437,653 597,687 634,517

606,080