PKODUCTION AND INDUSTEY

995

Apulia, the Basilicata, Calabria, aiid at Girgenti and Trapani iu Sicily. In Italy generally the land is much subdivided.

In the census of February 10, 1901, there were 6,411,001 males and 3,200,002 females of 9 years of age and upwards described as engaged in agriculture.

The area of Italy comprises 28,668,222 hectares (1 hectare — 2*47 acres). Of this area, 2,296,615 hectares (8 per cent.) is sterile and 26,371,607 hectares (92 per cent.) productive. In the following table 1 quintal — 3*5 bushels.

Area 1911

Produce

—

Total

1910

1911

1909

Hectares

Quintals

Quintals

Quintals

Wlieat.

4,751,000

41,750,000

52,362,000

47,108,000

Maize .

1,645,640

25,830,000

23,796,000

2,506,300

Rice .

145,640

4,380,000

4,792,000

—

Rye .

122,090

1,382,000

1,346,000

1,374,000

Barley

248,000

2,065,000

2,369,000

1,800,000

Oats .

514,000

4,148,000

5,947,300

4,575,000

Wines .

4,477,000

29,293,000

42,654,000

—

Olives .

2,345,000

1,385,000

2,422,000

In 1911 Italy exported 10,052 and imported 154,222 cattle; exported 17,068 and imported 1,128 sheep ; exported 264 and imported 1,002 goats ; exported 21,765 and imported 1,845 swine.

Silk culture, though flourishing most extensively in Piedmont and Lombardy, is carried on all over Italy. The average annual production of silk cocoons in the five years, 1906-10, is estimated at 52,563,000 kilo- grammes, and of silk, at 5,654,000 kilogrammes (in 1876, 1,293,000 kilos.). In 1912 the estimated silk cocoon crop was 47,470,000 kilogrammes, as against 41,951,000 kilogrammes in 1911.

In the year 1898-99 there were only 4 sugar factories, with an output of 5,972 metric tons ; in 1910-11 there were 35, their output being 173,184 tons.

In 1903 the silk industries employed 191,000 work-people (in 1891, 172,000); woollen industries, 38,000 (in 1894, 30,000; cotton industries, 140,000 (in 1900, 135,000); hemp, linen, &c., 26,000 (in 1876, 13,000). Domestic textile industries in 1903 emplo5'ed 292,000 looms (in 1876, 206,000). The value of the output of industrial chemical products in 1911 was 154,000,000 lire (in 1893, 26,134,000 lire). The motive power of all sorts employed on January 1, 1904, amounted to 3,000,000 horse-power in 1899, to 1,000,000 horse-power).

II. Forestry. The forestry department was re-organised by a law of June 2, 1910, in accordance with which a Director-General of Forests Avas appointed, together with advisory committees, one general and the other technical, and a royal forests corps.

The forest area (exclusive ofchestnut plantations) is about 4, 000, 000 hectares, Tlie yield from the forests is valued as follows : —

1909 Cubic metres ' Lire

Timber 1,096,000 37,556,000

Firewood 4.049,000 48,086,000

Quintals Cliaicoal 0,994,000 3S,490,0M(t

Tutal

1 '24,132,000 (4,96.j,280L)

3 is 2