RELIGION

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Estimated population 1909, 2,OOG,000. The area of Greece is about 25,014 square miles, and thus has about 105 inhabitants to the square mile. The population of the nomes or departments into which Greece is divided is as follows^ : —

Nomes or Departments

Population 1907

Nomes or Departments

Population 1907

Acax-nania and ^Etolia

141,405

Eurytania .

47,192

Achaia .....

150,918

Kurditsa

92,941

Arcadia

162,324

Lacedsemon

87,106

Argolis

81,943

Laconia

61,522

Arta

41,280

Larisa .

95,066

Attica .

341,247

Leucas .

41,186

Boeotia .

65,816

Magnesia

182,742

Cephalonia

71,285

Messenia

127,991

Corfu .

99,571

Pliocis .

62,246

Corinthia

71,229

Phthiotis

112,328

Cyclades

130,378

Trikkala

90,548

Elis

103,810

Triphylia

90,523

Euboea .

116,903

Zante .

42,502

Total .

2,631,962

1 See note under population of Turkey.

In recent years there has been considerable emigration. According to United States statistics, the number of Greek immigrants into the States was, in 1904-05, 10,515; 1905-06, 19,490; in 1906-07, 36,580 ; in 1907-08, 21,489 ; in 1908-09, 14,111 ; in 1909-10, 25,888 ; 1910-11, 48,000.

The principal towns are the following, with populations, 1907 : —

Athens .

167,479

Larisa

18,041

Calamada

. 15,397

Piraeus .

73,579

Trikkala .

17,809

Chalcis .

. 10,958

Patras

37,724

Hermoupolis

17,773

Tripolitsa

. 10,958

Corfu

18,978

Pyrgos .

13,690

Laurium .

. 10,007

Volo

23,563

Zante

13,580

Syra

. 18,132

Religion.

The great majority of the inhabitants of the Kingdom are adherents of the Greek Orthodox Church. By the terms of the Constitution of 1864, the Greek Orthodox Church is declared the religion of the State, but" complete tolera- tion and liberty of worship is guaranteed to all other sects. Nominally, the Greek clergy owe allegiance to the Patriarch of Constantinople, though he now exercises no governing authority ; he is elected bj the votes of the bishops and optimates subject to the Sultan ; his jurisdiction extends over Thrace and other countries, including Bosnia and Crete, as well as the greater part of Asia Minor. The real ecclesiastical authority, formerly exercised by him in Greece, was annulled by the resolutions of a National Synod, held at Nauplia in 1833, which vested the government of the Orthodox Church, within the limits of the Kingdom, in a permanent council, called the Holy Synod, consisting of the Metropolitan of Athens and 4 archbishops and bishops, who must during their year of office reside at the seat of the executive. The Orthodox Church has 4 archbishops and 8 bishops in Northern Greece ; 4 archbishops and 8 bishops in the Pelo- ponnesus ; 3 bishops in the islands of the Greek Archipelago ; and one archbishop and 4 bishops in the Ionian Islands. There are (1901) 171

monasteries and 9 nunneries, with 2,205 monks and 191 nuns. The Roman