PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRY

933

Army. — The conditions of service have been already described under German Empire. The total peace strength of the Prussian army at the present time is about 480,000 of all arms and ranks.

Production and Industry.

I. Agriculture.

The number of farms in Prussia, in 1895, was as follows: — Under 1 hectare, 1,649,659 ; 1-10 hectares, 1,236,393; 10-100 hectares, 402,209; over 100 hectares, 20,390 ; total, 3,308,651.

The total area of the farms in 1895 was 28,479,739 hectares. These farms supported, 1895, a population of 10,948,476, of whom 4,633,055 were actively engaged in agriculture. The areas under the chief crops, and the yield in metric tons, 2 years, were us follows (1 hectare = 2*47 acres; 1 metric ton = 2,204 lbs.):—

—

1910

1910

1011

1011

Wheat .... Rye

Summer barley .

Oats . .

Potatoes ....

Hay (meadow) .

Hectares 1,146,826

4,720,771 836,619 2,805,327 2,231,254 3,282,470

Tons

2,482,972 8,041,248 1,688,743 5,291,619 32,730,253 14,561,638

Hectares

1,175,064 4,700,755 829,979 2,818,092 2,246,379 3,246,436

Tons

2,605,645 8,427,236 1,716,457 5,210,493 25,630,203 10,099,899

In 1911 there were vineyards on 17,100 hectares, yielding 537,197 hecto- litres of wine ; hops on 1,097 hectares, yielding 4,546 tons. On December 1, 1907, Prussia contained live stock comprising 3,046,304 horses, 12,011,584 cattle, 5,408,867 sheep, 15,095,854 swine, and 2,235,529 goats.

In 1905-06 Prussia contained 286 establishments engaged in the manufac- ture of beet-root sugar, which consumed 12,596,787 metric tons of beet-root in the production of 1,861,970 metric tons of raw sugar, and 260,859 metric tons of molasses. In 1905-6 there were 4,326 breweries in action in Prussia, which brewed 33,600,000 hectolitres of beer, or 90 litres per head of the population. In 1905-06 there were 6,404 distilleries in operation, which produced 3,722,032 hectolitres of alcohol.

II. Minerals.

The output of coal increased from 17,571,581 tons in 1848 to 134,044,080 tons in 1907, and the output of lignite in the same time from 8,118,553 tons to 52,660,597 tons. Quantities (in metric tons) and values (in marks) of the coal and iron ore raised, and of the pig-iron produced in 1908-09 : —

1910

1911

Tons

Marks

Tons

Marks

Coal

Lignite .... Iron ore .... Pig-iron ....

143,771,612

66,644,291

4,823,606

9,995,012

1,417,750,859

135,447,598

40,299,270

■ 575,130,821

151,324,030

60,531,943

4,948,711

10,477,263

1,462,665,255

139,975,663

42,634,643

623,321,058

In 1910 the numbers employed in and about mines in Prussia were : Underground workers, 484,504; surface workers, 147,054; boys (under 16), 24,468; females, 7,508; total, 663,534. The amount of their wages was

800,392,890 marks.