908

GERMAN EMPIRE : — BAVARIA

Religion.— Religions division of th e popnlation, December 1, 1910 :—

Jews

Provinces

Upper Bavaria Lower Bavaria Palatinate (Rheinpfalz) Upper Palatinate . Upper Franconia . Middle Franconia . Lower Franconia . Suabia .

Total

Roman Catholics

1,395,047

716,435 414,955 549,960 282,999 251,458 571,827 679,552

Protestants

114,494 7,037 506,651 48,404 374,967 659,502 126,128 105,202

11,652

468

8,998

1,395

2,946

14,219

11,925

3,462

4,862,233 1,942,385

55,065

Besides the above there are included in other Christian sects 5,816 Old Catholics, 3 017 Mennonites 164 Anglican, 1611 Greek Catholics and Russian Orthodox, 1,139 Irvmgites, 25 Anabaptists, ' 1,833 Methodists, 5,841 Free Christians, 1,649 other Christians, 1,370 ot religion not Cliristian, 4,240 of religion not stated, or without religion, 903 of religion not

There are 2 Roman Catholic archhishoprics, those of Munich and Bamberg each with 3 suffragan bishoprics ; 218 deaneries ; and 3,093 parishes. The Protestant Church is under a General Consistory— ' Ober-Consistorium '—and three provincial consistories, 81 deaneries, and 1,049 parishes. Of the three universities of the kingdom, two, at Munich and Wilrzburg, are Roman Catholic, and one, at Erlangen, Protestant.

Instr action.— (For Universities, see nnder Germany.) Education compulsory from' six to sixteen. In 1910-11 there were 7,600 elementary schools (public and private), with 18,352 teachers (13,521 male, 4,831 female), and 1,046,806 pupils. The year's expenditure on the public schools (7,566) was 3,099,455/. There were 333 agricultural schools, with 6,841 pupils, besides 411 winter schools, with 1,820 pupils.

Justice, Crime, and Pauperism.— Bavaria is the only German state with an Oberstes Landesgericht, or ai)peal-court intervening between the Oberlandesgerichte and the Reichsgericht ; it has a bench of 22 judges. Under it are 5 Oberlandesgerichte, 28 Landgerichte and 266 Amlsgerichte. The number of judges was (1911) 1,388. In 1910, 65,021 criminals were convicted.

In 1909, poor receiving relief 235,269 (123,663 permanent paupers), the sum expended of the ordinary budget, 690,505/.

Finance.— The Bavarian budget is voted for a period of two years. The estimates of the ordinary budget for each of the years 1910 and 1911 balanced at 31,307,430/. For 1912 and 1913 the estimates were :—

Sources of Revenue

Direct taxes . . . Stamps, fines, &c. . Indirect taxes

State railways, posts, tele- graphs, mines, «fec. State domains

Various

Imperial repaynieiils .

3,185,000 1,704,655 3,499,793

20 423,946

244,511

3,873,296

879,505

Total gross revenue

33,810,706

Branches of Expenditure

Public debt .... Civil list and appanages

Diet

Foreign Affairs . Communications . Justice. ... Interior ... Finance ... Worship and Education Pensions and allowances Contributions to Imperial\: expenditure . . .j Administration . . . \ Reserve fund . .__ • '

Total expenditure

847,427

270,123

35,255

99,450

3,395

1,382,331

2,020,674

746,510

2,612,550

1,066,050

2,417,443

22,272,603 36,895

33,810,706