5 8o

UNITED STATES.

The territories of Nevada, Nebraska, and Colorado were admitted as States into the Union, the first in 186-4, the second in 1866, and the third in 1869 ; while there were added, subsequently, four new territories, namely Arizona, organised 1861, Idaho, 1863, Montana, 1864, and Wyoming, 1868. The Union thus consisted, in 1870, of 37 States and 9 Territories, besides the district of Columbia.

The total population of the principal towns of the United States, in each of the years 1860 and 1870, is shown in the following list : —

In the States of

Population

Cities and Towns

1860

1870

New York

New York

805,651

926,341

Philadelphia .

Pennsylvania

562,529

0.17,159

Brooklyn

New York

266,661

396,661

Baltimore

Maryland

212,418

276,599

Boston .

Massachusetts

177,812

250,701

New Orleans

Louisiana

168,675

219,125

Cincinnati

Ohio .

161,044

218,900

St. Louis

Missouri

160,773

313,013

Chicago

Illinois .

109,260

348,709

Washington .

Districtof Columbia

61,122

109,338

San Francisco

California

56,802

150,361

Pittsburg

Pennsylvania

49,217

87,215

The United States acquired their actual power and greatness mainly through immigration. From 1775 to 1815 immigration into the country was very small, on account of the American Revolution and the European wars, not over 3,000 or 4,000 a year arriving durin"- this period. When peace between England and America was re-established, in 1815, immigration took a fresh start, The famine of 1816 and 1817 gave the first powerful impulse to a larger immigration lrom Germany. In 1827, there were 11,952 immigrants from the United Kingdom against 7,709 the previous year, and in 1828 the number rose to 17.840, sinking again in 1829 to 10,594, and in 1830 to 3,874. The increase continued every year of European disorder, or revolution, or national distress. In the decade from 1845 to 1854, there came 1,512,100 Irish immigrants to the United States, but since the latter year the numbers fell off to less than one half the yearly average of that period. The failure of their political reform attempts brought many Germans into the United States, the greatest number coining in 1854. From L845 to 1854 inclusive the number of German immigrants was 1,226,392. In

lb56 every immigrant arriving in New York was questioned as to