CHURCH OF ROME.

301

No. in the list

Name of Pontiff

Nationality

Tear of

Election

No. in J the list

Name of Pontiff

1

Nationality

Year of

Election

1513

167

Eugene III.

1145

219

Leo X.

168

Anastasius IV.

1153

220

Adrian VI.

Dutch

1522

169

Adrian IV.

English

1154

221

Clement VII.

Italian

1523

170

Alexander III.

Italian

1159

222

Paul III.

1534

171

Lucius III.

1181

223

Julius III.

n

1550

172

Urban III.

1185

224

Marcellus II.

n

1555

173

Gregory VIII.

,,

1187

225

Paid IV.

1555

174

Clement III.

1187

226

Pius IV.

1559

175

Celestine III.

1191

227

Pius V.

1566

176

Innocent III.

1198

228

Gregory XIII.

„

1572

177

Honorius III.

1216

229

Sixtus V.

„

1585

178

Gregory IX.

„

1227

230

Urban VII.

1590

179

Celestine IV.

1241

231

Gregory XIV.

1590

180

Innocent IV.

1243

232

Innocent IX.

1591

181

Alexander IV.

'

1254

233

Clement VIII.

n

1592

182

Urban IV.

French

1261

234

Leo XL

n

1605

183

Clement IV.

1265

235

Paul V.

tj

1605

184

Gregory X.

Italian

1271

236

Gregory XV.

n

1621

185

Innocent V.

French

1276

237

Urban VIII.

})

1623

186

Adrian V.

Italian

1276

238

Innocent X.

1644

187

John XIX.

Prtguese

1276

239

Alexander VII.

)j

1655

188

Nicholas III.

Italian

1277

240

Clement IX.

1667

189

Martin IV.

1281

241

Clement X.

H

1670

190

Honorius IV.

1285

242

Innocent XL

1676

191

Nicholas IV.

1292

243

AlexanderVIII.

1689

192

Celestine V.

1294

244

Innocent XII.

n

1691

193

Boniface VIII.

1294

245

Clement XL

n

1700

191

Benedict X.

1303

246

Innocent XIII.

n

1721

195

Clement V.

French

1305

247

Benedict XIII.

n

1724

196

John XX.

1316

248

Clement XII.

n

1730

197

Benedict XL

1334

249

Benedict XIV.

it

1740

198

Clement VI.

1342

250

Clement XIII.

n

1758

199

Innocent VI.

?>

1352

251

Clement XIV.

M

1769

200

Urban V.

1362

252

Pius VI.

n

1775

201

Gregory XL

,,

1370

253

Pius VII.

1800

202

Urban VI.

Italian

1378

254

Leo XII.

1823

203

Boniface IX.

»

1389

255

Pius VIII.

(J

1829

204

Innocent VII.

,,

1404

256

Gregory XVI.

1831

205

Gregory XII.

„

1406

257

Pius IX.

1846

206

Alexander V.

Greek

1409

The average reign of the 163 occupants of the Pontifical throne from the establishment to the extinction of the temporal power of the Popes, amounted to not quite seven years.

The Sovereign-Pontiff is the absolute and irresponsible ruler of the Eoman Catholic Church. His judgments are held to be infal- lible, and there is no appeal against his decrees. The Pontiff may seek advice from the Sacred College of Cardinals, consisting, when

complete, of seventy members, namely, six cardinal-bishops, fifty