630
THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY.
length of life is merely an expression of the sum total of social influences upon the organism. A community may be divided into ever so many groups, each of which will have its peculiarity, and the summary of all these units will give as resultant the average of life. Every graduated mortality table may, therefore, be considered only an approximate expression of the death-rate under the conditions and at the time of observation.
We may now follow "English Life Table No. 3" more in detail. It gives a separate record of both male and female life, and we may examine the mortality of males first.
The notation adopted refers to the percentage of death in the current year; meaning from birth to end of first year, 1 from beginning to end of second year of life, and so on:
| Age. | Percentage of deaths. |
Age. | Percentage of deaths. |
Age. | Percentage of deaths. |
Age. | Percentage of deaths. |
| 0 | 16·36 | 15 | ·52 | 40 | 1·30 | 70 | 6·73 |
| 1 | 6·40 | 20 | ·83 | 45 | 1·54 | 80 | 14·18 |
| 5 | 1·36 | 25 | ·92 | 50 | 1·88 | 90 | 26·41 |
| 10 | ·56 | 30 | 1·00 | 55 | 2·45 | 95 | 34·21 |
| 13 | ·47 | 35 | 1·13 | 60 | 3·25 | 100 | 41·78 |
| The table ends with age 107. | ||||||||||||
| Taking | birth | as a starting- | point, | the mortality | for the first | 5 | years of life is | 27·64 | per cent. | |||
| " | " | " | " | " | " | 10 | " | 31·02 | " | |||
| " | " | " | " | " | " | 20 | " | 34·82 | " | |||
| " | " | " | " | " | " | 4412 | " | 50·00 | " | |||
| The rate of | mortality | of age | 5 | is again | reached | at about | age | 41 |
| " | " | " | 1 | " | " | " | " | 70 |
| " | " | " | 0 | " | " | " | " | 82 |
| About | 1 | in | 412 | of all | children | born | will reach | age | 70 |
| " | 1 | " | 10 | " | " | " | " | " | 78 |
| " | 1 | " | 100 | " | " | " | " | " | 90 |
Let us now compare male and female mortality. There are born 511,745 males to 488,255 females, being an excess of 23,490 males 4·81 per cent.
| During | age | 0 | , the deaths are 83,719 males to 65,774 females: leaving males | ||||||
| in excess | 1·31 | per cent. | | ||||||
| At | " | 8 | the excess | of males | living is | 1·00 | per cent. | ||
| " | " | 15 | " | " | " | 1·18 | " | ||
| " | " | 37 | " | " | " | 2·08 | " | ||
| " | " | 50 | " | " | " | ·93 | " | ||
| " | " | 53 | the sexes are about even in number. | ||||||
| " | " | 70 | the excess | females | living is | 8·00 | " | ||
| " | " | 80 | " | " | " | 19·00 | " | ||
| " | " | 90 | " | " | " | 41·00 | " | ||
| End of table for | male | life is | 107 | years, | for | female | life is | 108 | years |
| Equation of | " | " | 4412 | " | of | " | " | 4612 | years |
| Of | males | living | at age | 20, | about | 1 | in | 3 | will | reach | 70 | years, of | females | 1 | in | 212 |
| " | " | " | " | " | " | 1 | " | 8 | " | " | 70 | " | " | 1 | " | 634 |
| " | " | " | " | " | " | 1 | " | 70 | " | " | 90 | " | " | 1 | " | 49 |