278 CEITICAL NOTICES :

seen him. ' Yes.' ' How V ' I was sitting beside you.' The lady that same night woke and went downstairs for some soda-water, and as she returned saw Mr. Godfrey standing under the large window on the staircase. Accepting for the nonce the facts as stated, how are they explicable by thought-transference ? What have they in common with the experimental basis ? The following involuntary case of ideal transference is more on the lines of the experimental results. Mr. J. G. Keulemans sees in his mind's eye, while engaged with some very easy work, a basket containing five eggs, three of which were notable eggs, smudged or very round or unusually oval. At lunch he sees two of these eggs on the table. And it turns out that his mother-in-law had placed five such eggs in such a wicker basket and had thought of sending them to him. Lack of space prevents my illustrating here the many and varied forms of involuntary phantasmal transference. A great number of them are cases of what we may call direct transference, that is, transference from a single agent to a single percipient ; a few are reciprocal, as when two sisters walking in the fields hear their names, ' Connie and Margaret,' called out, at the same time that their fever-stricken brother was exclaiming in his delirium, ' Margaret ! Connie ! Margaret ! Connie ! Oh, they are running by a hedge, and won't listen to me,' Some cases are collective, where the phantasm is seen by two or more percipients. Let us now turn to the consideration of the conditions of trans- ference. They clearly include (1) the state of the agent ; (2) the state of the percipient ; (3) the nature of the rapport between the two. Although there are a few cases in which the agent is not in any abnormal condition, these would seem to be exceptional. In the great majority of involuntary phantasmal appearances the agent is undergoing some crisis, and in the greater number of these critical cases the crisis is the supreme crisis of death : " Of the 147 coincident dreams which are included in this book as at least finding in telepathy, if it exists, their most natural explanation no less than 78 have represented or sug- gested death ". " It is in this profoundest shock which human life encounters that these phenomena seem to be oftenest engendered; and, where not in death itself, at least in one of those special moments, whether of strong mental excitement or of bodily col- lapse, which of all living experiences come nearest to the great crisis of dissolution. Thus among the 668 cases of spontaneous telepathy in this book, 399 (or, among 423 examples of the sen- sory externalised class, 303) are death-cases, in the sense that the percipient's experience was one of serious illness, which in a few hours or a few days terminated in death." And of these death- cases 9 per cent, are where the death was by drowning. Speak- ing of the time-correspondence in these death-cases, Mr. Gurney says : " Thus the fact that certain psychical phenomena form a