146 NEW BOOKS.

and Synthesis in the different kinds of science " (pp. 293-316), especially deserves mention from this point of view ; but the whole second division of the work (pp. 93-382) could not be read by any student without great profit. The " Formal Logic," carried out on conceptualistic lines, has its own merits, but on the whole comes considerably short of what in England would now be regarded as an adequate treatment of the subject. The dis- cussion of Mill's theory of Syllogism is, however, noteworthy. It is now indicated that the remaining topics included by the author under " Philo- sophy " (see former notice in MIND) will be treated in one volume still to come of Morals and Metaphysic. Notizia degli Scritti e del Pensiere filosofico di PIETRO CERETTI accompagnata da un Cenno autobiografico del medesimo intitolato La Mia Celebritd. Per PASQUALE D' ERCOLE, Prof. ord. di Filosolia nell' Universita di Torino. Torino : Unione Tipografico-editrice, 1886. Pp. ccccx., 189. Two volumes of the posthumous works of Ceretti were noticed in MIND, Vol. x. 620. In the present volume an autobiographical piece (pp. 1-119), together with some fragments in prose and verse, is edited, with notes, by Prof. Pasquale d'Ercole, who has also provided it with an extensive intro- duction (pp. xv. -ccccx.). Having carefully studied his writings (published and unpublished), Prof. d'Ercole, in this introduction, besides giving some biographical details, expounds systematically Ceretti's philosophical and other ideas. Copious extracts are given both in the text and in foot- notes, from an early Hegelian work in Latin, entitled Pasaelogices Specimen^ one of the few writings of Ceretti that were published in his lifetime. Prof. d'Ercole distinguishes two phases of Ceretti's thought ; the first purely Hegelian, the second marked by a departure from pure Hegelianism. Of the first, the distinctive formula is that "the Absolute is Spirit," of the second that " the Absolute is Consciousness ". Geschichte der Ethik. Erste Abtheilung : Die Ethik der Griechen und Romer. Von THEOBALD ZIEGLER, Professor am Gymnasium in Baden-Baden. Bonn : Emil Strauss, 1882. Pp. xiii., 342. Geschichte der christlichen Ethik. Von Dr. THEOBALD ZIEGLER, ord. Pro- fessor der Philosophic in Strassburg. Strassburg : Karl J. Triibner, 1886. Pp. xvi., 593. These two volumes, of which the second has just appeared, are noticed together, not because they form parts of a single book. for the change of publisher goes along with a difference both of external form and mode of treatment, and, as the author tells us, the two volumes do not necessarily appeal to the same readers, but because they are parts of the working out of a single plan laid down five years since in the preface to the first volume. The author's ultimate purpose is to construct an ethical system adequate to modern needs ; but first, in view of the dependence of all possible systems on the past, he has set himself to make a complete survey of the forms of ethical thought that have succeeded one another in the philoso- phical development of Europe. Direct consideration of Oriental philo- sophies is thus excluded, their influence being only incidental ; and the whole history of ethics falls into three periods the Graeco-Koman period, the (exclusively) Christian period, and the modern period since the rise of Humanism, The distribution of the subject-matter of the new volume, on Christian ethics, will be best understood from the titles of the chapters, which are as follows : (1) Judaism; (2) The Ethics of the New Testament ; (3) The Ethics of the old Catholic Church ; (4) Monachism : Augustine and Pelagianism ; (5) The Ethical Doctrine of Scholasticism ; (6) The Germans and the Church ; (7) Mediaeval Mysticism ; (8) Humanism and