THE FIKST SIKH WAR 413

test ever fought by Anglo-Indian troops, at the end of which the English army was left in bare possession of its camping-ground, and in a situation of imminent peril from the approach of the Sikh reserves under Tej Singh. But the English maintained a bold front; Tej Singh retired; and in the two battles that followed at AJiwal and Sobraon the latter fought on February 10, 1846 the Sikhs, fighting hardily and fiercely, were driven back across the Sutlaj and compelled to abandon further resistance in the field. The Governor-General occupied Lahore in February, 1846, with twenty thou- sand men; Ran jit Singh's infant son was placed on the throne under English tutelage; some cessions of terri- tory were exacted; the Sikh army was reduced; and for two years the Panjab was administered as a state under the general superintendence and protection of the British government. But the expedient of placing the machinery of native government under temporary European superintend- ence can succeed only when the irresistible authority of the superintending power is universally felt and rec- ognized. The system is unstable because it does not pre- tend to permanence; it lacks the direct and weighty pressure required to keep down the smouldering ele- ments of military revolt. Although the Sikhs num- bered not more than one-sixth of the population of the Panjab, they were united by the recollection of ruler- ship; and the fighting men, who were justly proud of having played an even match against the English, were not yet inclined to settle down again to peaceful agri-