ESTHEBENT WEAKNESS OF DUPLEIX'S PLANS 109

not rest upon a secure line of communication by sea. Until this prime condition of stability is fulfilled, the aggrandizement of dominion in a distant land only places a heavier and more perilous strain on the weak supports, and the whole fabric is liable to be toppled over by a stroke at its base. No quarter is given by French writers to Labourdon- nais, who is accused of having thwarted the thorough- going designs of Dupleix by the half-hearted measure of holding Madras to ransom, by refusing to co-operate energetically in the extirpation of the English settle- ments, and by sailing away to Mauritius, so that the coast was left clear for the enemy. On his return to France, he was thrown into the Bastille, where he re- mained three years, though in the end he was honour- ably acquitted. His quarrel with Dupleix, who was im- perious and uncompromising, may have had much to do with his hasty departure from the Indian seaboard. But it is more than doubtful whether, if Labourdonnais had kept his shattered squadron in those waters, he could have held that command of the sea without which all the triumphs of Dupleix over the petty forts on the coast, or over the loose levies of Indian princes, were radically futile. However this may be, it soon became evident that success on the land would follow superiority at sea. We have seen that when, after the departure of Labour- donnais, a strong English fleet appeared on the scene, the French ships were obliged to leave the coast, while on land the operations of the French were paralyzed