73 THE HISTORY OF HERODOTUS.

tary conscription. At last his imposture came to light. Otanes, a Persian nobleman, whose daughter was one of his wives, was informed by her that her husband had no ears. Now the Magian was known to have lost his for some offence in the time of Cyrus.* The result of this revelation was, that Otanes headed the famous conspiracy of the seven nobles, of whom Darius, the son of Hysfcaspes, sprung from a collateral branch of the royal family, and probably the next legal heir, was one. While they were concocting their plan of attack, a tragical event happened which made immediate action necessary. The Magians, knowing how cruelly Prex- aspes had been treated by Cambyses,t thought it their interest to conciliate ' him, and prevailed upon him to mount on a tower of the palace-wall, and make a speech to the people below, who had grown suspicious, to the effect that their present king was the true Smer- . dis, the son of Cyrus. But in this they made as fatal a mistake as Shakespeare's Brutus and Cassius did when they allowed Mark Antony to speak at Caesar's funeral. Prexaspes, instead of lying to please the Magians, pro- claimed aloud the real state of the case, and then threw himself from the tower, and was killed on the spot.

• This is the mildest form of mutilation, as tlie feature seems

more ornamental than useful, except to those savage tribes in whom the muscle that moves the ear is developed. It was prac- tised in England as late as the seventeenth century, for such offences as Nonconformity, Petty Treason, Libel, and the like. Prynne is a well-known instance. It is common now in Africa, and is said to give the head the look of a barber's block, but to be attended with no great inconvenience. The False Smerdis, as has been said, never went abroad, and probably wore his turban low on his head. t See p. 71.