Demonstrative pronouns. § 67. (a) For what is nearer; "this": masc. ܗܳܢ‎, ܗܳܢܳܐ‎—fem. ܗܳܕܶܐ‎: Plural ܗܳܠܷܝܢ‎ (m. and f.).

Rem. A rarer secondary form from ܗܳܕܶܐ‎ is ܗܳܕ‎.

We get ܗܳܢܱܘ‎ with ܗ̄ܘ‎ (§ 38). For ܗܶܕܶܐ‎ comes a ܗܳܕܳܐ‎ before ܗ̄ܝ‎, thus ܗܳܕܳܐ ܗ̄ܝ‎ hāδāi (hōδōi).

(b) For what is more distant; "that": masc. ܗܱ̇ܘ‎; fem. ܗܴ̇ܝ‎; Plural masc. ܗܴ̇ܢܘܿܢ‎, fem. ܗܴ̇ܢܷܝܢ‎.

Rem. 1. ܗ̇ܢܘܢ‎, ܗ̇ܢܝܢ‎ "illi, illae" must not be too closely associated with ܗܳܢܳܐ‎ "hic", merely because of a causal similarity of sound. The forms for "this" are compounded out of den, de̊nā, dē, illēn with hā (§ 62); those for "that", out of the personal pronouns hū, hī, hennōn, hennēn with hā.

Rem. 2. Only in very old writings there appear in isolated instances the farther forms ܗܠܘܟ‎ "illi", ܗܠܝܟ‎ "illae", and ܗܢܘܟ‎ "illi" (a fem. form corresponding to the last is not known); the three forms given may be pronounced something like hālōkh, hālēkh; hānōkh. Very rarely indeed there appears also ܗܢ‎ = *ܗܳܠܷܝܢ‎ "hi, hae".

Interrogative pronouns. § 68. ܡܰܢ‎ "who?". ܡܳܐ‎, ܡܳܢ‎, ܡܘܿܢ‎, ܡܳܢܳܐ‎ "what?".

With ܗ̄ܘ‎, ܗ̄ܝ‎: ܡܱ̇ܢܽܘܼ‎, and fem. ܡܰܢ ܗܻ̄ܝ‎ "who?, who is?". ܡܴ̇ܢܱܘ‎ "what is?". Rarely ܡܘܢܐ‎ for ܡܢܐ‎ (§ 44).

ܐܱܝܢܳܐ‎ "which?" or "what?" m.; ܐܱܝܕܳܐ‎ "which?" f.; Pl. ܐܱܝܠܷܝܢ‎ "which?".

Rem. 1. ܡܳܢ‎, ܡܘܿܢ‎, ܡܳܢܳܐ‎, ܟܘܢܐ‎ have sprung from mā + den, de̊nā; ܐܝܢܐ‎, ܐܝܕܐ‎, ܐܝܠܝܢ‎ from the interrogative ai with de̊nā, dā, illēn.

Rem. 2. ܐܱܝܢܳܐ‎, &c. is often improperly held as a demonstrative, because, like other interrogatives, it stands as correlative to the relative (§ 236).

The relative pronoun. § 69. The relative pronoun is ܕ‎, ܕܰ‎ (§ 43 E), which has a very wide range of use. The older form dī still shows itself in the Separate possessive pronoun, formed through its composition with the preposition ܠ‍‎