288

A HISTORY OF BOHEMIAN LITERATURE

been used, give the book an appearance of artificiality and constraint. The real leading idea of Komensk^'s

Janua is an attempt simultaneously to teach

a language

and to enlarge as far as possible the extent of the pupil's I have elsewhere translated a portion of the ideas. I shall here quote curious chapter De Statu Regio. the first introductory chapter, which gives some idea of Komenskys method. It is written in the form of a dialogue between the reader and the author. The latter begins thus : — " Welcome, friendly reader ! If you ask me what it is to be learned, receive this answer : It means to know the differences between things, and to be able to name and designate all things by their right names." The pupil answers, "Nothing more than this ?" " No, certainly nothing beyond this. He who has learned the nomenclature of all things of Nature and Art has laid the foundation of all erudition." " But that must surely be very difficult." " It certainly is so if you attempt it unwillingly, and if you allow your prejudiced imagination to frighten you. Besides, if there is any difficulty, it will be at the Do not the shapes and characters of letters beginning. also appear to children who first see them singular, wonderful, and monstrous ? But when they have taken some trouble and pains, they understand that they (the The same letters) are but a play and a recreation. applies to all things ; they appear superficially more difficult than they are. But if you not only begin a work but also persevere, there is nothing that will not yield and submit itself to your intellect. Who wishes to do so can understand everything.^ Therefore, who' In the Latin version of the Janua this reads

capit omnia," Komensk^.

a rather

contestable

statement,

as

follows: — "Qui cupit

that is very characteristic

of