A Chinese Biographical Dictionary 547

and he gained considerable kudos by preventing them from reaching Canton. Canonised as ^t ^ .

Ln Kung i§ % (T. # j|^ ). 1st and 2nd cent. A.D. A native 1422 of Ping-ling in Shensi, whose ancestors belonged originally to the Ln State. His grandfather, ^ ^ Lu E'aang, had served nnder Wang Mang the Usarper, and had gained the sobriquet of ^ ^ Bag of Wisdom. His father died when he. was only 12; and his bitter lamentations, coupled with refusal of all pecuniary assistance, attracted much local attention. He subsequently became Magistrate of Ffl i^ Chung-mou, the modern K'ai-f(§ng Fu, where his adminis- tration was characterised by the (1) absence of locusts, (2) tameness of birds and beasts, and (3) humanity of children in his District. These desirable results were said to be due to his virtuous rule, from which all ordinary forms of punishment were eliminated. He rose to be President of the Board of CivU Office under the Emperor W6n Ti, and again, after an interval of disgrace, under his suc- cessor. He finally retired and died of old age.

Lu Lung-cli'i l^m^ (T. 5gt#. H. ^^ and ^ J^B)- 1*23 A.D. 1630-1693. A native of ^ j|^ P4ng-hu in Chehkiang, who graduated as chin shih in 1670. In spite of a clever essay at the Palace examination, on the need of morals as well as laws in government and the certainty of corruption among underpaid offi- cials, he became Magistrate at ^ ^ Chia-ting in Eaangsu only in 1675. There he set his face against the system of presents to superiors, and by his upright rule excited so much jealousy that in 1683 a pretext was found for shifting him to the wretched post of Ling-shou in Chihli, where he remained prosecuting his reforms until 1690. He was then appointed to be a Supervising Censor. Here again his strong opposition to the system of recommendation for office, as well as to the ^'contribution system, rendered him

very unpopular, and he was forced to retire when his three years