A Chineae Biographical Dictionary 231several tribee, and ooDquered parts of Kansnh, Shensi, Sstich^nan

and Tfinnan. In 377 he received tribnte from northern Korea and from the tribes in the sonth-west of China. In 378 he attacked the Imperial House and overran southern Honan; but on advancing close to Nanking, he was driven back to the north of the Huai river in 379. In 381 he was converted to Buddhism, and in 382 dispatched Lti Euang on an expedition into what is now Chinese Turkestan, no less than sixty-two tribes having acknowledged his rule. In 384, contrary to the advice of his general ^ |^ Fu Jung, but at the instance of Tao Chiang and others, he again led a vast army into the Imperial territory. Fu Juug had pointed out Uiat the Yang-tsze with its swift current would be a serious obstacle, but to this he scornfully replied that his troops would dam it up by merely throwing their whips into the stream. He was however disastrously routed at the jJQ Fei river by the Imperial forces under f^ ^ Hsieh Shih and f^ ^ HsiehHsiian, and Fu Jung was slain. In the retreat which followed, his beaten soldiery were harassed by perpetual alarms, fancying the whistling of the wind and the screaming of cranes overhead to be the shouts of their victorious pursuers. The State which had been so eneigetically built up, at once fell to pieces. Yao Chiang and other leaders threw off their allegiance, and soon ouly southern Shansi remained. Besieged in Ch^ang-an by the forces of Western Yen, Fu Chien forced his way out to a stronghold in F^ng-bsiang Fu; and there, after a desperate assault, he was taken prisoner by Yao Ch'ang' and strangled. Received the unauthorised canonisation of ift ift ^ flS M ^ •

580 Fu Ch'ien (T. -^ ^ ). 2nd cent. A.D. A native of ^ ^ Jung-yang in Honan, who distinguished himself by his scholarship and wrote a famous commentary on the Tao Chuan.

He had previously taken service as cook in the house of Ts'ui Lieh