been put to death. He was degraded, but ultimately restored to office, and became President of the Board of Ceremonies. He was the author of the 讀書記, a philosophical work treating of the character and doings of eminent Ministers of past times; of the 大學衍義, illustrating the doctrines of the Great Learning; of the 文章正宗, a collection of model essays, etc. etc. His miscellaneous works were published under the title of 真西山集. Canonised as 文忠, in 1437 his tablet was placed in the Confucian Temple.

Chên Tsung. See Chao Hêng. 209 Ch'ên Chao-lun 陳兆崙 (T. 句山. H. 星齋). 18th cent. A.D. Served in Peking, of which he ultimately became Governor. As a writer, he was chiefly noted for poems and calligraphy. His works were published under the title of 紫竹山房集. 210 Ch'ên Chên 陳軫. 4th cent. B.C. Famous for the advice he gave 昭陽 Chao Yang not to attack the Ch'i State, the latter having sufficiently carried out instructions by the conquest of Wei. "It would be," said Chên, "as though you were to add feet to a snake." 211 Ch'ên Chi-ch'ang 陳季常 (H. 龍邱居士). A man of the Sung dynasty, whose shrewish wife's voice was likened by Su Tung-p'o to the roar of a lioness. 212 Ch'ên Chi-ch'ang 陳繼昌. Graduated as 四元 "quadruple first" during the reign of Chia Ch'ing, A.D. 1796-1821, the only instance under the present dynasty; that is to say, in addition to the "triple first" (see Ch'en Chieh) he was also 貢元 first of the 拔貢生 or 優貢生. 213

Ch'ên Ch'iao 陳喬 (T. 景山). Died A.D. 975. A worthy of the Sung dynasty, who reached his 60th year before he took his degree; in honour of which event a literary friend gave him his daughter in marriage. Upon this, Ch'ên Ch'iao is said to have composed the following lines: