This work was published before January 1, 1927, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was legally published within the United States (or the United Nations Headquarters in New York subject to Section 7 of the United States Headquarters Agreement) before 1964, and copyright was not renewed.

• For Class A renewals records (books only) published between 1923 and 1963, check the Stanford University Copyright Renewal Database.
• For other renewal records of publications between 1922–1950 see the University of Pennsylvania copyright records scans.
• For all records since 1978, search the U.S. Copyright Office records.

Works published in 1952 would have had to renew their copyright in either 1979 or 1980, i.e. at least 27 years after it was first published / registered but not later than in the 28th year. As it was not renewed, it entered the public domain on 1 January 1981.

The author died in 1968, so this work is also in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 50 years or less. This work may also be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.